| 释义 |
cinnamon|ˈsɪnəmən|
Forms: 5 synamom(e, cynamone, 5–6 sinamome, cynamum, 5–7 cynamome, 6 cinamom(e, cinnamum, cino-, cynomome, sinamon, (synemond, -mont), 6–7 cynamom, syn-, cynamon, 6–8 cinamon, 7 cinnamom, -mun, (-mond, cynament, cina-, synamond), 7– cinnamon.
[a. F. cinnamome, also in 16th c. cinamonde, ad. L. cinnamōm-um, a. Gr. κιννάµωµον. There was also a later Gr. κίνναµον, whence L. cinnamon, cinnamum, to which the current Eng. form is, at least in part, due. The Gr. was of Semitic origin = Heb. qinnāmōn, cinnamon.]
1. a. The inner bark of an East Indian tree (see 2), dried in the sun, in rolls or ‘quills’, and used as a spice. It is of a characteristic yellowish brown colour, brittle, fragrant, and aromatic, and acts as a carminative and restorative.
c1430Lydg. Bochas vii. ix. (1554) 174 a, Sinamome, frankensence withal. a1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 133 in Babees Bk. (1868) 126 Looke þat your stikkes of synamome be thyn. 1535Coverdale Prov. vii. 17 Myrre, Aloes and Cynamom. ― Ecclus. xxiv. 15 As y⊇ Cynamon and Balme, that hath so good a sauoure. 1551Turner Herbal i. (1568) F j a, The smell of them is like cinnamum. 1555in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 227 Item, for synemond..vjd. 1571Wills & Inv. N.C. (1835) I. 364, j lb. of synemont vjs. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxiv. (1663) 137 Cinnamom, pepper, cardamone. 1664Pepys Diary (1879) III. 1 Take..of Cynament, of Nutmegg, of each halfe an ounce. 1830Sir J. Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 83 If the nose be held while we are eating cinnamon, we shall perceive no difference between its flavour and that of a deal shaving. 1884Cornh. Mag. 629 Paradoxical as it sounds to say so, cinnamon has really no taste at all, but only a smell. Mod. Seasoned with ground cinnamon.
†b. As a term of endearment. Obs. rare.
c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 513 My fayre bryd, my swete cynamome [v.r. cynamone].
c. white cinnamon: the inner bark of Canella alba; see canella 2.
1751Chambers Cycl., s.v. Cinnamon, White Cinnamon, which some call..Winter's bark, from the person's name who first brought it into England.
2. The tree which yields this bark, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, family Lauraceae. Also applied to other trees, allied to, or in some way resembling the true cinnamon; esp. bastard c., the cassia, C. Cassia; black c., the West Indian Pimenta acris; mountain c., Cinnamodendron corticosum; wild cinnamon, Canella alba and Myrcia acris.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xxvi. (1495) 619 A shrubbe that growyth in Ynde and in Ethiopia..and hyght Cynamum. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 8 A great wood of Precious trees, some of Cinomome and Cassia. 1681R. Knox Hist. Ceylon 16 The third Tree, which is the Cinnamon. 1789Saunders in Phil. Trans. LXXIX. 82 Two species of the Laurus of Linnæus; one known by the name of the bastard cinnamon. 1858R. Hogg Veget. Kingd. 352 Myrcia acris..called in Jamaica Wild Cinnamon or Wild Clove..The leaves have a sweet aromatic smell resembling that of cinnamon.
3. attrib. and as adj. Cinnamon-coloured.
1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2017/8 A Close-bodied Coat of Cinamon colour. 1776Withering Bot. Arrangem. (1796) IV. 244 Pileus cinnamon. 1844–57G. Bird Urin. Deposits (ed. 5) 183 A well-marked..cinnamon tint. 1868Royle & Headland Mat. Med. (ed. 5) 614 The colour of the bark is a yellowish brown, now usually called a Cinnamon colour. 1870R. Broughton Red as Rose I. 55 Cochins, muffled in..cinnamon feathers.
4. attrib. and Comb., as cinnamon-bark, cinnamon-plant, cinnamon-tree; cinnamon-eater (see quot.); cinnamon-powder; cinnamon-like adj.; also with names of colours, as cinnamon-blackish, cinnamon-brown, cinnamon-red, cinnamon-yellow; cinnamon-coloured (see 3), cinnamon-hued adjs.; cinnamon apple, an early variety of apple; also a fruit of Surinam; cinnamon bear, a cinnamon-coloured variety of the common black bear of North America; cinnamon (-coloured) fern, a large N. American fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) with some of its fronds cinnamon-coloured; cinnamon dove (see quots.); cinnamon fly, a fly used in angling; cinnamon-oil, or oil of cinnamon, a sweet aromatic yellow oil obtained from cinnamon-bark, cassia-bark, etc., consisting chiefly of cinnamic aldehyde; † cinnamon-plum, a variety of plum; cinnamon-root, Gerard's name for the Ploughman's Spikenard (Inula Conyza); cinnamon rose, a species of rose (R. cinnamomea); cinnamon-sedge, the Sweet Rush, Acorus Calamus (Britten & Holland); cinnamon-stone, a name given to various brown and yellow kinds of garnet, esp. to a cinnamon-coloured variety from Ceylon; cinnamon-suet (see quot.); cinnamon toast, buttered toast spread with a mixture of sugar and cinnamon; cinnamon-water, an aromatic beverage prepared from cinnamon.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 210 July..Fruits in Prime..*Cinnamon Apple. 1796Stedman Surinam II. xxvii. 312 A kind of fruit called in Surinam pomme de canelle, or cinnamon-apple.
1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 224 *Cinnamon bark is astringent, cordial, and tonic.
1823J. Sabine in J. Franklin Narr. Journey Shores Polar Sea 648 Individuals vary in colour from black to different shades of brown, and are known to the traders under the different names of Black, Brown, *Cinnamon, and Grey Bears. 1829J. Richardson Fauna Bor.-Amer. I. 15 The Cinnamon Bear of the Fur Traders is considered by the Indians to be an accidental variety of this species [Ursus americanus]. 1855F. S. Marryat Mts. & Molehills 253 A long-expected fight had come off between a grizzly bear and a cinnamon bear. 1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xviii. 309 He was dancing like a cinnamon bear. 1936D. McCowan Anim. Canad. Rockies xxxiii. 288 Formerly it was believed that the so called cinnamon bear was a distinct species but such is not the case: the cinnamon bear is simply a reddish-haired black bear.
1887W. Phillips Brit. Discomycetes 337 Hymenium *cinnamon-blackish.
1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 18 The back and coverts of the wings are bright *cinnamon brown, spotted with black.
1679Trial R. Langhorn 56 He was in a *Cinamon-coloured Suit. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 57 Fur gray brown above; cinnamon-coloured below. 1845A. Wood Class-Bk. Bot. ii. 465 *Cinnamon-colored Fern..is among the largest of our ferns, growing in swamps and low grounds.
1895Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. IV. 380 The South African *cinnamon-dove (Haplopelia larvata) may be taken as a well-known representative of another subfamily of ground-doves (Geotrygoninae). 1908Haagner & Ivy Sk. S. Afr. Bird Life 114 The *Cinnamon Dove..is an inhabitant of the forests of the Cape, ranging from Knysna to Natal, and the Transvaal. 1957McLachlan & Liversidge Roberts' Birds S. Afr. 173 Cinnamon dove... White face and cinnamon under-parts diagnostic... From Cape Town.. eastwards to Abyssinia.
1729Scheuchzer in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 105 A certain kind of wild Doves, which from their feeding on the Fruit of the Cinnamon-Tree, they call *Cinnamon-eaters.
1818W. P. C. Barton Compendium Floræ Philadelphicæ II. 206 *Cinnamon fern. Tall Osmunda. 1868Amer. Naturalist II. 522 The Cinnamon Fern, and the Interrupted leaved Fern, well known to young botanists in the spring. 1917E. S. Bailey Sand Dunes Indiana 156 The brakes and cinnamon ferns are hip high.
1867F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 235 The *Cinnamon..fly is one..of the Phryganidæ.
1899Daily News 18 Dec. 6/6 Bound in *cinnamon-hued cloth.
1868Royle & Headland Mat. Med. (ed. 5) 617 All sorts of *cinnamon-like plants. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 43 Two varieties of oil of cinnamon occur in commerce.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 818 Cinnamic Acid is also produced by oxidation of *cinnamon-oil.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 210 Fruits in Prime..*Cinnamon-Plum.
1882Garden 15 Apr. 246/2 Flowers..spotted with *cinnamon-red.
1597Gerard Herbal (Britt. & Holl.), In English it [Inula Conyza] may be called the *cinamom-roote.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 208 June.. Flowers in Prime..Selder, and *Cynomon Roses. 1824Southern Lit. Messenger I. 98 Clusters of..large double damask and cinnamon roses. 1892B. Torrey Foot-path Way 32, I wished, also, to say something of sundry minor enjoyments: of the cinnamon roses, for example. 1952A. G. L. Hellyer Sanders' Encycl. Gardening (ed. 22) 426 [Rosa] cinnamomea, ‘Cinnamon Rose’, red, May, 6 to 9 ft., spicily fragrant, Europe, N. China, Siberia.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 136 The mouldie mosse..My *Sinamon smell too much annoieth.
1805Jameson Min. II. 527 One new species..denominated *cinnamon stone. 1868Dana Min. 266 Cinnamon-stone..included a cinnamon-coloured variety [of garnet] from Ceylon.
1868Royle & Headland Mat. Med. 613 From the ripe fruits a fatty substance called *cinnamon suet is expressed.
1927M. de la Roche Jalna ix. 103 Pushing his plate of *cinnamon toast to one side, he jotted them down on the back of an envelope. 1966M. McShane Crimson Madness (1967) iv. 141 And for tea I'd like cinnamon toast.
c1440Promp. Parv. 78 *Cynamum tre, sinamus. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 338 A wild cinnamon tree, growing upon the coast of Malabar. 1832Veg. Subst. Food 344 The cinnamon-tree attains to the height of twenty feet.
1589Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 15 Give him some *cinamom water, his conscience hath a cold Stomacke. 1634Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) Introd. 63 To a woman 2 dayes disstilling cinamon water oo oo o6. 1700Congreve Way of World i. vii, Bring two dishes of chocolate and a glass of cinnamon-water.
5. ellipt. = cinnamon bear.
1855F. S. Marryat Mts. & Molehills 253 The cinnamon's weight was quoted at 400 lbs. 1878E. B. Tuttle Border Tales 52 Lassooing a cinnamon. 1891Fur, Fin & Feather Mar. 170 They were a big party of cinnamons harvesting their way back towards the mountains. 1903A. Adams Log Cowboy xxiii. 366 Those of us who had fastened on to the old cinnamon.
6. A descriptive name for certain domestic birds (poultry, canaries).
1854Poultry Chron. I. 197 Buff and silver cinnamon, early hatched Cochin chickens. Ibid. 270 Their buffs, cinnamons, and grouse with pea combs. 1909Westm. Gaz. 3 Mar. 2/1 When an ordinary canary is hatched the eyes look black, but in the case of the cinnamons they look pink.
7. Yellowish brown, the colour characteristic of cinnamon quills.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 305/1 Half Hose... English mixtures in olive, gold, brown or cinnamon. 1901[see ash n.2 1 d]. 1923Daily Mail 15 Jan. 6 Newest shades, including: Pale Pink,..Rust, Beige, Antelope, Cinnamon. 1924A. D. Sedgwick Little French Girl iii. iv. 250 The buffs and cinnamons and mole-colours of the fields. 1957M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 63/1 Cinnamon, grayed brown color, slightly reddish.
▸ cinnamon bun n. N. Amer. = cinnamon roll n. at Additions.
1879Bucks County (Pa.) Gaz. 29 May 3/4 (advt.) *Cinnamon buns fresh daily, at Metz's. Try them. 1998Esquire Sept. 100/1 He'd been unusually drawn to sweets, particularly sticky, breakfasty ones like cinnamon buns and scotch rolls.
▸ cinnamon roll n. N. Amer. a coil-shaped bun with a cinnamon-flavoured filling, typically glazed with thin icing.
1872Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer (Electronic text) 20 June *Cinnamon Rolls—Take some of the dough you make bread of... Then make a paste of butter, sugar and cinnamon. Roll your dough out thin, spread in this paste and roll up. 1997C. Shields Larry's Party (1998) vi. 106 Across the street is the Tall Grass Bakery, where he buys warm bread and the city's best cinnamon rolls.
▸ cinnamon stick n. a short length of cinnamon quill, in which form the spice is commonly sold and used (cf. quill n.1 6).
1616G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. l. 424 Fold it vp in the same manner that you see a Cinnamon Sticke is folded vp. 1736C. Carter Compleat City & Country Cook (ed. 2) 96 Set a Stew-pan over the Fire with a Pint of Milk, some Sugar, a Piece of Cinnamon Stick. 1890Manitoba Daily Free Press 27 Mar. 7/3 He could not find the citron, but he found a jar full of cinnamon sticks. 1977Drama Rev. 21 63, I drink a giant cup of Irish breakfast tea with a cinnamon stick. 2005Saltscapes (Canada) Nov.–Dec. (Good Taste Suppl.) 21/1 A pinch of paprika stirred in with a cinnamon stick distinguishes this recipe. |