释义 |
choline Biochem.|ˈkəʊliːn, -ɪn; also kɒ-| Also cholin. [a. G. cholin (A. Strecker 1862, in Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm. CXXIII. 355), f. Gr. χολ-ή bile + -ine5.] A strong hygroscopic base, HO·N(CH3)3·CH2CH2OH, which is of widespread occurrence, either free or in combination, in living organisms and which is important biochemically as a source of methyl radicals, as a precursor of acetylcholine and other esters, and in the metabolism of fat; it is sometimes regarded as a vitamin of the B group. Formerly also called bilineurine, etc., and confused with neurine. Also attrib. and Comb.
1869–71Watts Dict. Chem. VI. 448 Strecker in 1861 obtained from pigs' bile, and afterwards from ox-bile, a base which he called choline. Ibid. Choline or Neurine, C5H15NO2. 1910Encycl. Brit. III. 827/2 Choline (bilineurine, sincaline)..is found in the bile, in brain substance, and in yolk of egg in the form of lecithin. 1919Nature 20 Nov. 323/2 Lecithin, which is undoubtedly used in the construction of the tissues, plays a like part in detoxicating cholin. 1942L. Lichtwitz Functional Path. i. 6 As cholin takes part in the formation of lecithin, it is present in considerable quantities in nerve tissue. 1946Nature 2 Nov. 630/1 The rate of phospholipid turnover in the rat's kidney is greatest at the time..when the kidney is most susceptible to choline deficiency, and..the turnover is greatly reduced in choline-deficient animals. 1950R. J. Williams et al. Biochem. B Vitamins 431 One might associate a vitamin function with choline for its role in acetylcholine synthesis, were it not so difficult to extend this to micro-organisms. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xxi. 502 Certain analogues of choline,..although foreign to nature, are incorporated into lecithin and prevent the fatty liver of choline deficiency. Hence choˈlinic a., as in cholinic acid, obtained by digesting bile with dilute hydrochloric acid.
1858Thudichum Urine 271 A mixture of the salts of cholic and cholinic acids. |