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单词 chill
释义 I. chill, n.|tʃɪl|
Forms: 1 cele, ciele, cile, cyle, 2–4 chele, 4 chile, 5 cheele, 7– chill.
[OE. cęle, cięle, cold, coldness:—OTeut. type kali-z masc., f. kal-an to be cold: not exemplified in the other Teut. langs. This word seems to have become obs. by 1400, after the vb. and adj. had been formed from it, its place being taken by cold n. Since c 1600 it has been revived, app. as a new formation from the vb., and in a modified sense evidently of verbal origin. But see note to chill v. For etymological relation of chill, cool, kele, acale, cold, and their derivatives, see cold.]
I. In OE. and ME. (chile, chele, cheele.)
1. The former equivalent of the modern cold, used, e.g., of the coldness of the weather, frost.
c825Vesp. Psalter cxlvii. 6 Biforan ansiene celes his.c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xxxix. 285 For ciele [Cott. cile] nele se slawa erian on wintra.971Blickl. Hom. 59 On cyle he bið afeded.c1175Lamb. Hom. (1867) 33 Hunger and þurst and chele.a1200Moral Ode in Trin. Coll. Hom. 226 Þurst and hunger, chele [v.r. chule] and hete.c1200Ormin 1615 Wiþþ chele & þrisst & hunngerr.1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 152 Þat water of Baþe..euer is iliche hot..& euere springeþ ne be þe chele so gret.c1300St. Brandan 62 Ne chile ne hete ne fonde ȝe noȝt.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 135 Scythia..haþ moche wildernes by cause of greet colde and chele.1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxiii. 236 Sitthen þei chosen chile and chaytif pouerte, Let hem chewe as þei chosen.a1400Morte Arth. 3392, I haue cheueride for chele.a1400–50Alexander 4164 A velans vale, þare was a vile cheele.
II. In modern use [f. the vb. or adj.]. (chill.)
2. Coldness seizing upon or pervading the body; an unnaturally lowered bodily temperature marked by shivering, etc.; the cold fit of an ague; now especially a sudden affection of physical cold, a sudden chilling of the body, which is often a first stage or symptom of illness; hence, to catch a chill, to give (one) a chill, etc.
1601Weever Mirr. Mart. A vj b, A cold congealed ice, a bloudlesse chill.1713Derham Phys. Theol. (J.), To have a sort of chill about his precordia and head.1795Southey Joan of Arc x. 403 The death-doom'd foe..Felt such a chill run through his shivering frame.1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 310 Irregular chills, fever and sweats.1860–1F. Nightingale Nursing 91 You may give a baby a chill which will kill it..without giving it fresh air at all.
3. A coldness of the air, water, etc., which tends to make one shiver; a cold which has a depressing, benumbing, or penetrating effect on the body. to take the chill off (a liquid): to raise it to a temperate heat (colloq.).
1788Ld. Auckland Diary in Spain (1861) II. 89 At about six the air..changed suddenly to a chill.1860Tyndall Glac. i. §11. 84 The chill was painful to the teeth.1868C. M. Yonge Pupils of St. John i. 34 The chill of early dawn.1870Tennyson Passing of Arthur 96 A deathwhite mist..Whereof the chill, to him who breathed it, drew Down with his blood, till all his heart was cold.
b. in pl. Chilling states of the atmosphere.
1832L. Hunt Poems 167 No sooner have the chills withdrawn, Than the bright elm is tufted on the lawn.1833N. Arnott Physics II. 19 The chills of night and the biting blasts of winter.1887Stevenson Underwoods i. xxvii. 58.
4. fig.
a. A benumbing and depressing sensation or influence upon the feelings. to cast or throw a chill over: to damp the warmth or ardour of.
1821Byron Sardan. i. ii, A chill Comes o'er my heart.1874Morley Compromise (1886) 14 The comparatively prosaic results..have thrown a chill over our political imaginations.
b. Absence of warmth of feeling or sympathy; depressing coldness or iciness of manner.
1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 85 We..in no instance that I remember failed to dissipate the chill by showing that we were ready to..be sociable.1839Dickens Nich. Nick. viii, The boys gave three feeble cheers. Such cheers! sighs of extra strength with the chill on.
5. techn. An iron mould, or a piece of iron in a sand mould, for making ‘chilled’ castings: cf. chill v. 6.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v.1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 120 Iron..which had been cast in an iron mould or ‘chill’.
b. A mass of chilled material in a blast-furnace.
1874Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Engineers II. 60 Firing shots up into the chilled mass..bringing down from time to time portions of the chill.
6. Painting. A cloudy appearance on the surface of a picture; ‘blooming.’
1871Tyndall Fragm. Science II. viii. (ed. 6) 117.
II. chill, a.|tʃɪl|
Also 5 chele, 6 chyll, chil, 6, 9 Sc. schil(l.
[Mostly since 16th c.: app. f. chill n.: cf. the use of cold both as adj. and n.]
1. ‘Cold; cold to the touch’ (J.); now always unpleasantly, depressingly, or injuriously cold; that chills, tends to benumb, or causes to shiver.
1513Douglas æneis vii. xii. 109 They that duellis langis the schil ryuere Of Anien [gelidumque Anienem].1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. lvi, In winter quhen maist schill and persand stormes apperit.1570Levins Manip. 123 Chil, cold, algidus.1640Milton Arcades 49 Noisom winds, and blasting vapours chill.1662Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 394 Which [Lime] bestowed on cold and chill ground brings it to a fruitful consistency.1730Thomson Autumn 1083 And humid Evening, gliding o'er the sky In her chill progress.1797Coleridge Christabel i, The night is chill.1820Scott Monast. ix, A chill easterly wind was sighing among the withered leaves.
2. Depressingly affected by cold; having a pervading sensation of cold; ‘creeping’ or shivering with cold.
1608Shakes. Per. ii. i. 77 My veins are chill.a1682Sir T. Browne Misc. Tracts iii. 101 Being frighted he grew chill, went to bed, and soon after died.1818M. W. Shelley Frankenst. xi, They had a fire to warm them when chill.1821Keats Isabel 617 She kiss'd it with a lip more chill than stone.1842Sir T. Martin My Namesake in Fraser's Mag. Dec., I felt my person growing chiller and chiller.
b. Sensitive or liable to cold.
1576Turberv. Bk. Venerie 185 They are verie chyll of colde, and..where there is any fire, they will creepe so neare it that they will burne their coates.1601Shakes. All's Well iv. v. 56 The manie will be too chill and tender.
3. to run chill (of the blood); to blow chill, etc.
1719De Foe Crusoe i. 244 My very Blood ran chill in my Veins.1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 13 How chill and tardy runs the blood.1832–53Whistle-Binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. ii. 12 The nicht is mirk, and the wind blaws schill.
4. fig.
a. Said of circumstances or influences which repress warmth of feeling, enthusiasm, etc. In quot. 1400 perhaps simply ‘cold, cold-blooded’.
[c1400Destr. Troy 7958 Ne neuer charite be cherisst þurghe a chele yre.]1750Gray Elegy xiii, Chill Penury repress'd their noble rage.1877Gladstone Glean. IV. xiv. 350 The chill elevation of political philosophy.1883A. Dobson in Harper's Mag. Dec. 108 Let those who will be proud and chill.
b. Said of, or with regard to, the feelings under repressing or deadening influences.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. i. xxii, Oft therefore have I chid my tender Muse; Oft my chill breast beats off her fluttering wing.1699Garth Dispens. i. (1700) 4 Chill Virgins redden into Flame.1872Geo. Eliot Middlem. ii. xx, One of whom would presently survive in chiller loneliness.1878B. Taylor Deukalion ii. iii. 71 Their chill calm of changeless being.
5. Comb., as chill-fit; chill-looking adj.
1813Evangelical Mag. Mar., To fence against blasts and chill-fits, the Holy Ghost has directed the use of zeal as a cloke.1887Pall Mall G. 5 Oct. 1/2 A large, chill-looking room, with a polished floor and very little furniture.
III. chill, v.|tʃɪl|
Forms: 4–6 chyll, chil(le, (7 cheel), 6– chill.
[First found in 14th c., but not frequent before 16th; app. f. chill n.: but evidence is deficient.
It has been suggested that the vb. may have been deduced from a pa. pple. child (chilled), short for childed, from a vb. child-en repr. OE. *cieldan, *cildan to make cold. If so, the whole later series of chill v., adj., and n. (since 1600), would be distinct from the ME. n.]
I. intr.
1. To grow or become cold; to be injuriously cold.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. C. 368 Al chaunged her chere & chylled at [? al] þe hert.1570Levins Manip. 123 To chil with cold, algere.1580Baret Alv. C 474 To Chill for colde: to be in great colde.1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xxxiii. §2 (1665) 385/2 The outward parts burn, but the inward chill.1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 104 That the Glew Chill not (as Work-men say when it cools)..as it chills, it thickens.1722De Foe Moll Fl. (1840) 298 My very blood chills at the mention of the name of Newgate.
2.
a. esp. To shiver or shudder with cold. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 75 Chyllyn, for cold, frigucio.c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 374, I Chille and Chever for this Orrible chaunce.1530Palsgr. 483/2 My handes chyll, mes mains me frissonnent.1560A. L. tr. Calvin's 4 Serm. Songe Ezech. Epist., Sometime chilling and chatering with colde.1591Spenser M. Hubberd 993 The Ape..did nought but chill and quake.
b. Of things: ? To vibrate, quiver, thrill, shiver.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. E iij, Lay one Hand on the Rock..and strike gently, or more hard as we feel it chills, the more faint and languid the motion is that is caused by striking, the more firm and fast it shews it to be.
3. To be seized with a sudden chill.
1830W. Taylor German Poetry I. 75 A hoarse sigh rattled up his throat, he chilled, he fell, he stiffened, and arose no more.1883Daily News 5 July 5/6 He was carried out into the park, but chilled suddenly and fainted.
II. trans.
4. a. To make cold, lower the temperature of absolutely; to affect sensibly and injuriously with cold; to give a chill to. Also absol.
(The first quot. is very doubtful; perh. it is chile or chill adj., but 3 MSS. have child, 1 scheld, 2 cold.)
1399Langl. P. Pl. C. xviii. 49 And charite þat child is now · sholde chaufen of himself.1581Mulcaster Positions vi. (1887) 45 Heat burnes, cold chilles.1670Dryden Conq. Granada i. i, Ev'ry Lady's Blood with Fear was chill'd.1764Goldsm. Trav. 172 Winter lingering chills the lap of May.1878Huxley Physiogr. 153 Cold stones and other objects which have become chilled by free radiation.
b. To deaden, benumb, blight, or blast with cold.
1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Flower, You must..defend your Auriculas..from Rains that chill them.1712Blackmore Creation 111, The fruits decay..by snows immod'rate chilled.
c. With advb. extension: to chill up, down, etc.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 41 The marmout..has all its faculties chilled up in winter.
5. fig. To affect as with cold; to check, depress, or lower (warmth, ardour, etc.); to damp, deject, dispirit.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxvii. §12 Chilleth..all warmth of zeal.1618in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 424 The promoter..hath gotten his Charges of Sir Thomas Brookes, and Sir Thomas much cheeled.a1655Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 122 Sifting and disputing too boldly chill all warmth of our zeal.1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xxvi. 51 Age had chilled the daring spirit of Athanaric.1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 208 A supercilious air that chilled admiration.1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. xxi. (1866) 349 Nothing chills the heart like..distrust.1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xii. 170 Their courage was chilled by the ill success of their arms.
6. techn.
a. To cool molten metal suddenly so as to harden it; esp. in moulding, to cool and harden the surface of cast iron by allowing the molten metal in the mould to come in contact with cold iron placed at the part where the hardening is to be effected, or by casting altogether in an iron mould.
1831[implied in chilled ppl. a.].1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiv. (1856) 297 The frozen mercury resembled..lead, recently chilled after melting.1875Ure Dict. Arts II. 474 A section of the casting shows the effect of chilling.
b. To subject (meat or other food) to a low temperature in a chill-room or a refrigerator. (Cf. chilled ppl. a. 2 b, chilling vbl. n. c.)
1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xxxv. 441 American beef, which is only a few days in transit, is not frozen through, but chilled and kept in chambers at a temperature of three to four degrees Fahr. below the freezing point.1959Listener 6 Aug. 227/3 Chill for 2 hours before serving.
7. To dull or deaden (a varnished surface) by cold or other agency; to ‘bloom’.
1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 214 Whatever varnish may be employed..a current of cold or damp air, which ‘chills’ or ‘blooms’ them [paintings] should be avoided.
8. colloq. To take the chill, or sensation of active cold, off (a liquid); to raise to temperate heat.
a1825Forby Voc. East Anglia, Chill, to take off extreme coldness from any sort of beverage by placing it near the fire in frosty weather.1836–9Dickens Sk. Boz (1866) 275 A pint pot, the contents of which were ‘chilling’ on the hob.1875Parish Sussex Gloss. s.v., I often gets my mistus to chill a drop of beer for me, when I comes home winter evenings.1881Evans Leicestersh. Gloss. s.v., Did you chill the water for the 'osses?

Senses II. 4–8 in Dict. become II. 5–9. Add: I. 4. fig. a. Freq. with out. To calm down, relax, take it easy. Also as int. phr. slang. (orig. U.S.).
1979S. Robinson et al. Rapper's Delight (song) in L. A. Stanley Rap: The Lyrics (1992) 325 There's a time to laugh, a time to cry A time to live, and a time to die A time to break and a time to chill To act civilized or act real ill.1983Time 7 Nov. 94 It'd be nice to just chill out all the time and hunt and fish.1988J. McInerney Story of my Life x. 156, I kneed Trent in the balls and said, fuck off, I'm going to tell Rebecca if you don't chill out.1991Time Out 20 Nov. 57/2 Guest DJs choose the upfront, fonky tunes while upstairs there are board games, a film room and the comfortable balcony bar to chill-out in.1992N.Y. Times Mag. 12 Apr. 14/4 Jerry, chill out!.. Cool off a little.1993Lowe & Shaw Travellers iv. 171 We'd been to Lechlade, played there, done a party in Stroud, went and chilled out in Wales for a bit and then went looking for the Avon Free Festival.
b. To pass time idly; to hang around, esp. with other members of a group. U.S. slang.
1985J. Simmons et al. My Adidas (song) in L. A. Stanley Rap: The Lyrics (1992) 274 Now the Adidas I possess for one man is rare Myself, homeboy, got fifty pair Got blue and black 'cause I like to chill And yellow and green when it's time to get ill.1988New Musical Express 24 Dec. 87 The perfect Xmas prezo would be to spend it at home ‘chilling out’..with the Schoolly family.1991Essence Dec. 42/1 She always seems to be just chillin' with friends.1991‘D. J. Quik’ Born & Raised in Compton (song) in L. A. Stanley Rap: The Lyrics (1992) 91 Compton is the place where the homeboys chill.1992Vibe Fall (Preview Issue) 90/1 Carmen is recounting a recent Friday night excursion. ‘The guys we were chillin' with tried to herb this guy,’ she says. To ‘herb’ means to rob.
IV. chill
obs. and dial. f. I will: see ch pron.
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