| 释义 |
shaker|ˈʃeɪkə(r)|
Also 5 schakare, -ere, 6 Sc. schakar, (-car), schekkar.
[f. shake v. + -er1.]
1. a. One who or something which shakes (in the transitive senses of the verb). Also in phr. mover and shaker, shaker and mover (U.S.), a person who influences events, a person who gets things done.
c1440Promp. Parv. 443/1 Schakare, excussor. 1500–20,a1816[see hallan-shaker]. 1581A. Hall Iliad ii. 35 Who were..cunning shakers of the staffe to hit their foe a farre. c1611Chapman Iliad vii. 104 Thou mightie shaker of the earth, thou Lord of all the seas. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 711 Strangers..scarsely in twentie daies, with great care, can shake off this Shaker [sc. ague]. 1823Scott Quentin D. Introd., The Marquis was no shaker of hands. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington, O shaker of the Baltic and the Nile. 1874A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 1 Yet we are the movers and shakers Of the world for ever, it seems. 1901F. H. Skrine Life Sir W. W. Hunter xxi. 452 The fortune made in India by the Thackerays and other shakers of the pagoda-tree. 1972F. Knebel Dark Horse (1973) ix. 124 The rich movers and shakers..always manage to manipulate the Congress for their own benefit and screw the rest of us. 1975J. F. Burke Death Trick iv. 61 Beniamino Tucci was..known as the Little Godfather of the Upper West Side. A mover and shaker with many interests. 1977Time 10 Oct. 1/2 Perish the thought that a shaker and mover should work for the Government.
b. shaker off: cf. shake v. 19.
1638Heywood Wise Wom. Hogsdon iv. G 4 b, Harring. Hee what art thou; Sencer. A hanger on, if it please you. Harring. And I a shaker off,..You shall not hang on mee. 1764Museum Rust. II. xxv. 82 There are two men, called shakers off, that immediately follow the threshers; the first of them throws the coleseed straw up; the other strikes it as it rises, which helps to knock out what seed may be left.
2. a. One who or something which shakes, trembles, vibrates, etc. † Also, a boaster, swaggerer.
c1440Promp. Parv. 443/1 Schakare, or craker, or booste maker, jactator. 1573Baret Alv. Sh. 265 Such a shaker or trotter. 1823Blackw. Mag. XIV. 701 The pluckless shakers at his authority.
b. A simple percussion instrument that is shaken; spec. = chac-chac. Cf. shack-shack, etc.
[1837I. M. Belisario Sk. Negro Pop. in Jamaica (caption to Plate 7), Shaka, a rattle used by the French Set Dancers.] 1943Penguin New Writing XVIII. 96 He finished with a flourish of the shakers and threw his drumstick into the air. 1958E. Borneman in P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz xxi. 275 A male leader and a small group..who accompanied themselves on..shakers and gong-gong. 1965E. M. Matterson Play with Purpose for Under-Sevens ix. 145 Shakers can be made from a wide variety of empty containers to make a number of sounds. 1972S. Dickinson Mother's Help iii. 45 Shakers or rattles, are probably the easiest instrument of all to make.
†3. ? A person of loose life. Obs.
a1500Nominale MS. in Halliwell s.v. Shake (5), Lascivus, Anglice a schakere. 1694Motteux Rabelais V. Pantagr. Prognost. v, Those whom Venus is said to Rule, as..Wenchers, Leachers, Shakers [etc.].
4. With capital initial.
†a. In the 17th c. applied to various sectaries whose devotional exercises were accompanied by ‘shaking’ or convulsions; often used as equivalent to quaker. Obs.
1648Scottish Mist Dispel'd 17 If the Lord in mercy doe not afford us more liberty..in things Civill and Religious,..we may be quickly reckoned amongst the new Sect of Shakers: you would make us tremble under your hands. 1654E. Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 5) 136 The Shaker or Quaker. 1694E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Eng. iii. i. 378 The other sort of Anabaptists are called Quakers or Shakers, from the Trembling and Quaking, caused in them by Vapours in their Ecstatick Fits.
b. One of an American religious sect (calling itself ‘The Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing’), which exists in the form of mixed communities of men and women living in celibacy. Also attrib., esp. of artefacts produced by or of a type produced by Shakers.
The first of these communities was founded by Ann Lee or Stanley, who emigrated from England in 1774.
1784J. Belknap Tour to White Mts. (1876) 21 A man from Saco whose wife had run away with the Shakers. 1821Coleridge Lett. (1836) II. 18 The Essenians for several ages subsisted by adoption: we shall see if the Shakers continue so long. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes xv, These people are called Shakers from their peculiar form of adoration, which consists of a dance, performed by the men and women of all ages, who arrange themselves for that purpose in opposite parties.
attrib.1817Niles' Reg. XII. 371/1 At Enfield, Vermont, he visited the ‘Habitation of the Shaken [sic] community’, to use their own phraseology, or in more familiar language the Shaking Quakers. 1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 55, I visited two Shaker communities in Massachusetts. 1856in C. C. Richards Village Life in Amer. (1912) 77 We went down town this morning and bought us some shaker bonnets to wear to school. 1863Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. (1865) V. 256 Your committee would..suggest that they put on their..shaker bonnet, [etc.]. 1864T. Norris Amer. Angler's Bk. xiii. 371 Two or three pairs of stout yarn socks (‘Shaker’ socks are best). 1866A. D. Whitney Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Life vi. 92 On this little green stood her Shaker rocking-chair. 1883Century Mag. XXV. 525/1 A bonnet, hey?.. It looks like a Shaker cap. Ibid., The Shaker sisters don't wear crimps. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 561/3 Baby Carriage Robes..Shaker flannel, pinked edge and embroidered center. 1928Antiques XIV. 134 A study of the characteristic forms of Shaker furniture suggests the hypothesis that the early craftsmen adapted to their own designs existing Colonial models. 1967D. Skirrow I was following this Girl iii. 20 Early American Engraving up this way. Early Shaker Woodwork in the Brook Street Foyer. 1975J. Gores Hammett i. 11 He wore a maroon worsted Shaker coat over a wool shirt. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 305/2 The Fraktur and Shaker artists, many of whose works..seem to have anticipated Paul Klee.
c. A member of a community in the New Forest, formed in 1864 by Mrs. Mary Ann Girling, who claimed to be an incarnation of God. (The name was popularly given to the sect from some resemblance to the Shaker communities of the U.S.)
1878Irish Monthly Oct. 556 Hordle, where what are usually called the New Forest Shakers reside. Ibid. 559 The first Shaker I met.
5. The fan-tail pigeon. More fully shaker pigeon.
1668Charleton Onomast. 77 Tremulæ... Quakers or Shakers. a1672Willughby Ornithol. ii. xv. §2 (1676) 131 Columbæ tremulæ laticaudæ; Anglicè Broad-taild Shakers. Ibid. 132 Columbæ tremulæ angusticaudæ..Narrow-tail'd Shakers. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornithol. ii. xv. § 2. 181 Broad-tail'd Shakers, called Shakers because they do almost constantly shake or wag their Heads and Necks up and down... Narrow-tail'd Shakers... This kind we have not as yet seen. 1735J. Moore Columbarium 54. 1854 L. A. Meall Moubray's Poultry 252–3, 11. Fantail, or Shaker... 12. Narrow-tailed Shaker.
†6. pl. Sc. An ornamentation or trimming for the dress composed of thin plates of metal which vibrate with the movements of the wearer; also transf., vibrating drops of dew. Obs.
1506Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 313 Item, for xv goldin skinnis to stomois for thaim, and schakaris and bordouris to the tailes. 1513Douglas æneis v. vii. 18 And all his heid Of goldin schacaris and rois garlandis reid Buskit full weill. Ibid. xii. Prol., And syluer schakaris gan fra levis hyng. a1568Tayis Bank 21 (Bannatyne MS.) With schakeris of the schene dew schour, Schynnyng my courtenis schew. c1600Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (Ever⁓green) 49 Floras fragrant flouris, Quhairon Apollos paramouris Had trinklit mony a teir; The quhilk lyke silvir schaikers shynd, Embroydering Bewties bed.
7. pl. dial. The quaking-grass, Briza media; also hayshakers and Sc. silver shakers.
1597Gerarde Herbal i. lvii. 80 Shakers, or quaking grasse. 1845New Statist. Acc. Scot. IV. Kirkcudbr. 68 Shaking grass (the ‘silver shaker’). 1889N.W. Linc. Gloss. 1893Wiltshire Gloss., Shakers.
8. An implement, machine, etc. used for shaking.
a. A contrivance for shaking straw or hay.
1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. 90 An ingeniously-devised shaker..for clearing all the loose grain from among the straw. 1856Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 966 (Thrashing machine) The straw, being taken off by the shakers..drops on the slide.
b. Dyeing. (See quot.)
1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. ii. 159 The silk is stretched out on a moveable pole, called a Shaker—kept continually in motion. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades, Dyer (1842) 191.
c. A riddle or sieve (see quot.).
1906J. Paterson Wamphray ii. 61 note, [A riddle] exactly like shakers used by masons at the present day to riddle lime.
d. A container in which cocktails or other mixed drinks are blended by shaking. Freq. as the second element of a Comb.
1868[see cocktail shaker]. 1889J. G. Woolley Seed Number One hard (1893) 96 The bartender..makes the bits of ice, the spoon, the shaker, the strainer, the glasses, fairly play a tune. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 435/1 Liquor Mixers or Lemonade Shakers of tin. 1922S. Lewis Babbitt viii. 110 He did not possess a cocktail-shaker. A shaker was proof of dissipation. 1929E. Linklater Poet's Pub ii. 39 Holly poured his chosen liquors into a long silver shaker, added broken fragments of ice, screwed down the top, and, like a man with the palsy, shook. 1946‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fiends v. 35 She carried a small shaker of Manhattans. 1959A. W. Sherring Tip Off xiii. 135 Big Boy Gale watched them in the bar mirror as he poured drinks from a shaker. 1971Scope (S.Afr.) 19 Mar. 77/2 Many people consider the shaker and mixer as being the same thing, but there is a considerable difference: cocktails with clear ingredients are prepared by stirring in a mixer, cloudy liquids are agitated in a shaker.
e. A machine for mechanically agitating fluids.
1897Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Mar. 776/2 The residue [was] extracted with water. This was accomplished in twenty⁓four hours and was assisted by an electrically-driven ‘shaker’.
f. U.S. = castor2 1.
1910J. W. Tompkins Mothers & Fathers 29 Miss Elsie would be terribly shocked at this shaker. 1969J. A. McPherson in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 153 Shouldn't you polish the shakers or clean out the Pantry or squeeze oranges? 1978S. Brill Teamsters vii. 284 The small formica booth table with the mini-juke box built into the wall just above the salt and pepper shakers.
9. Short for Shaker bonnet: see sense 4 b above. U.S. local.
1858M. D. Colt Let. in Went to Kansas (1862) xiii. 238, I did not wear the green silk calash, but a shaker, made of brown muslin smoothed over a pasteboard frame; it was very fashionable; besides it kept the sun out of my face, and was very genteel for a school-ma'am. 1881Harper's Mag. May 854/2 The bonnet is far too fine. I will buy you a shaker at the store. 1905K. D. Wiggin Rose o' River 9 Rose had tried on..children's gingham ‘Shakers’, mourning bonnets for aged dames, [etc.]. 1909Dialect Notes III. 415 Shaker, a palm leaf sunbonnet.
Hence ˈShakerdom, the Shakers as a class. ˈShakeress, a female Shaker. ˈShakerism, the principles and practice of the Shakers.
1818Catholic Vindicator 5 Dec. 41 Anabaptism or independentism, quakerism or shakerism. 1822Mary M. Dyer (title) A Portraiture of Shakerism. 1861J. G. Holland Lessons in Life vi. 87, I object to their style of life and piety, and to everything outside of Shakerdom. 1860Reynolds's Misc. 15 Sept. XXV. 180/2 Two comely Shakeresses wait upon you. 1868Morn. Star 8 June, The Owenite experiments in England and America have failed, but Shakerism is a living and triumphant fact. 1870D. Macrae Amer. at Home II. xxx. 358 We followed the Shakeress..within doors. |