| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈspoken, a. rare.
[f. spoke n.]
Pertaining to or connected with a spoke or spokes (see quot.).
1790W. H. Marshall Rur. Econ. Midl. II. 443 Spoken chain, an appendage of a waggon, peculiar to this district; a long strong chain, to be fixed to the spoke of the wheel, when the team is ‘stalled’ or set fast in a slough.
▪ II. spoken, ppl. a.|ˈspəʊk(ə)n|
[Pa. pple. of speak v.
As the second element in combs., spoken is used in the sense of ‘speaking’ or ‘given to speaking’ in a specified way, as in blunt-, broad-, civil-, fine-, out-, plain-spoken, etc. Most of these date from the 17th cent. or later, but fair-spoken is found in 1460. ON. and Icel. talaðr (pa. pple. of tala to speak) is similarly used, even without a qualifying term.]
1. With preps.: That is or has been spoken about, of, to, etc.
1595Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 24 The..adventure she had been at in the glorious spoken-of jorney. 1865‘Annie Thomas’ On Guard xxi, She may not only speak, but may think, with affection..of the spoken about. 1875Whitney Life Lang. x. 207 The speaker and the spoken-to.
2. a. Of language, words, etc.: Uttered in speech; oral. Also, colloquial as distinguished from literary.
1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 370 To enable us to appreciate the value of tones, whether they be the modulations of music, or the articulation of a spoken language. 1867Trans. Philol. Soc. Suppl. 1 On Palaeotype, or the representation of spoken sounds..by means of the ancient types. 1885Gladstone in Westm. Gaz. 8 June 4/2 Reminding me that spoken words may fulfil a purpose higher than we mostly dream of.
b. Expressed, declared, made known by speech or utterance.
1851G. Brimley Ess., Wordsw. 164 We should like to have had some record of spoken feelings. 1879B. Taylor Germ. Lit. 204 There is a vast difference between the silent and the spoken protest.
c. ellipt. Words which are spoken (in place of being sung) in connexion with a song or other musical performance; a part of this nature.
1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xvi, A comic song..with ‘Spoken’ in it. 1900H. Lawson On Track 10 Thus warmed up, Pinter starts with an explanatory ‘spoken’ to the effect that the song he is about to sing illustrates some of the little ways of woman.
d. the spoken word, speech (as opp. to written language, etc.), esp. in the context of radio broadcasting.
1832Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 257/1 Whether man can any longer be so interested by the spoken Word, as he often was in those primeval days. 1929Radio Times 29 Nov. 432 Poetry..has its roots in the spoken word: the written word is only a means of saving poetry from the oblivion of time. 1940R. S. Lambert Ariel & All his Quality iii. 60 The ‘spoken word’ is the most contentious and most closely scrutinised part of the broadcast programme. 1944Ann. Reg. 1943 62 Training..in understanding of the written and spoken word. 1961Listener 28 Sept. 456/1 One criticism that has been made of spoken-word material in the Third is that it has sometimes been too esoteric. 1972Ibid. 2 Nov. 574/2 It was the treatment of the spoken word that seemed to fox the early fathers of broadcasting.
Hence ˈspokenness, the fact or quality of having been spoken or uttered.
1805Monthly Mag. XX. 513 The idea of spokenness has been progressively detached from the word ‘language’. 1947L. MacNeice Dark Tower 10 But when no character can be presented except through spoken words, whether in dialogue or soliloquy, that very spokenness makes this distinction between subjective and objective futile. |