| 释义 |
▪ I. career, n.|kəˈrɪə(r)|
Forms: 6–7 carriere, careere, (6 carire, -eire, carrire), 6–8 carier(e, carrier, -eer, 7 carrere, carere, (carrear, -eere, -eir, careir), 6– career.
[a. F. carrière racecourse; also career, in various senses; = It., Pr. carriera, Sp. carrera road, carrer:—late L. carrāria (via) carriage-road, road, f. carr-us wagon.
The normal Central Fr. repr. of late L. carraria is OF. charriere, still usual in the dialects; it is not clear whether carrière is northern, or influenced by It. or Pr.]
†1.
a. The ground on which a race is run, a racecourse; also, the space within the barrier at a tournament.
b. transf. The course over which any person or thing passes; road, path way. Obs.
1580Sidney Arcadia (1622) 286 It was fit for him to go to the other end of the Career. 1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 46 In the carrere to Her mines. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems Wks. (1711) 6 Rowse Memmon's mother..That she thy [Phœbus'] career may with roses spread. 1651Howell Venice 39 Since the Portuguais found out the carreer to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. 1751Chambers Cycl., Career, or Carier, in the manage, a place inclosed with a barrier, wherein they run the ring.
†2.
a. Of a horse: A short gallop at full speed (often in phr. to pass a career). Also a charge, encounter (at a tournament or in battle). Obs.
1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 139 Seven tall men..made sundry Carreers and brave Turnaments. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xxxviii. 35 (N.) To stop, to start, to pass carier. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 142 The Lanciers..ought to know how to manage well a horse, run a good carrier, etc. 1617Markham Caval. ii. 203 To passe a Cariere, is but to runne with strength and courage such a conuenient course as is meete for his ability. 1667Milton P.L. i. 766 Mortal combat or carreer with Lance. 1751Chambers Cycl., Career..is also used for the race, or course of the horse itself, provided it do not exceed two hundred paces. 1764Harmer Observ. xxvii. vi. 284 Horses..walking in state and running in full career.
†b. ‘The short turning of a nimble horse, now this way, nowe that way’ (Baret Alvearie); transf. a frisk, gambol. Obs.
1577Holinshed Chron. III. 809/1 Manie a horsse raised on high with carrier, gallop, turne, and stop. 15942nd Rep. Faustus in Thoms Pr. Rom. (1858) III. 338 Careers and gambalds. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. i. 132 The king is a good king, but..he passes some humors, and carreeres.
3. a. By extension: A running, course (usually implying swift motion); formerly [like Fr. carrière] applied spec. to the course of the sun or a star through the heavens. Also abstr. Full speed, impetus: chiefly in phrases like in full career, † to take, give (oneself or some thing) career, etc., which were originally terms of horsemanship (see 2).
c1534tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 55 Theie..tooke privilie there carier abowte, and violentlie assailed the tents of there adversaries. 1591Spenser Ruins Time xvi, As ye see fell Boreas..To stop his wearie cáriere suddenly. 1626T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 31 Dolphins..leape and bound with full carrere in the tumultuous waues. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 353 The Sun..was hasting now with prone carreer To th' Ocean Iles. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 III. 35 Sooner may we..stop the Sun in his carriere. 1762Falconer Shipwr. ii. 258 Vast torrents force a terrible career. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. xiii, Stretch onward on thy fleet career! 1863M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer's Greece II. xvi. 137 Away we went in full career with the waves and the wind.
b. Hawking. (See quot.)
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Career, in falconry, is a flight or tour of the bird, about one hundred and twenty yards.
4. fig. (from 2 and 3) Rapid and continuous ‘course of action, uninterrupted procedure’ (J.); formerly also, The height, ‘full swing’ of a person's activity.
1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. iii. 250 Shall quips and sentences..awe a man from the careere of his humour? 1611― Wint. T. i. ii. 286 Stopping the Cariere Of Laughter, with a sigh. 1603Florio Montaigne i. ix. (1632) 15 He takes a hundred times more cariere and libertie unto himselfe, than hee did for others. 1643W. Burton Beloved City 57 Antichrist, in the full course and carrére of his happynesse. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 35 Swift as light Thoughts their empty Carriere run. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics xxv. 389 Quickly stopt in his careir of vertue. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 174 Not to permit the reins to our passions, or give them their full carreer. 1767Fordyce Serm. Yng. Women II. viii. 29 A..beauty..in the career of her conquests. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 599 In the full career of success.
5. a. A person's course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life), esp. when publicly conspicuous, or abounding in remarkable incidents: similarly with reference to a nation, a political party, etc. b. In mod. language (after Fr. carrière) freq. used for: A course of professional life or employment, which affords opportunity for progress or advancement in the world. Freq. attrib. (orig. U.S.), esp. (a) designating one who works permanently in the diplomatic service or other profession, opp. one who enters it at a high level from elsewhere; (b) career girl, career woman, etc., one who works permanently in a profession, opp. one who ceases full-time work on marrying. Also, careers master, mistress, a schoolteacher who advises and helps pupils in choosing careers.
1803Wellington in Gurw. Disp. II. 424 A more difficult negotiation than you have ever had in your diplomatic career. 1815Scribbleomania 200 That great statesman's public career. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) I. i. 7 A history..which records the career of France, Prussia, etc. 1868Geo. Eliot F. Holt 20 Harold must go and make a career for himself. 1884Contemp. Rev. XLVI. 99 An artist, even in the humblest rank, had a career before him. 1927Lit. Digest 25 June 14/2 The foundation of any sound Foreign Service must consist of ‘career men’ who have become expert. 1931F. J. Stimson My U.S. xviii. 190 The career professors look somewhat askance at one who comes in from the outside world—just as career secretaries in diplomacy do upon a chief who has not gone through all the grades. 1936Yale Rev. XXV. 288 Other steps essential to a well-rounded career service remain to be taken... The prospect of permanent undersecretaryships for career men needs to be realized. 1937Collier's Wkly. 26 June 20 (heading) Career girl. 1937Sat. Rev. Lit. 9 Oct. 16/3 Most career women are different. 1943Assistant Masters' Year Book 24 The Committee enables members who are careers masters to exchange information. 1947Daily Mail 25 Aug. 2/3 (heading) Should the career woman make dates? 1951R. Hoggart Auden vi. 200 The career-girl Rosetta yearns for her lush English landscape. 1954F. P. Keyes Royal Box viii. 101 He might well have expected the offer of an embassy... It's only occasionally that they go to career diplomats like me. 1959Times 15 Apr. 13/4 As careers mistress in a grammar school it is certainly not my habit. 1970New Yorker 17 Oct. 167/1 Philip Habib, a competent, if unusually brusque, career diplomat.
Add:[5.] [b.] career structure, a recognized pattern of career development and advancement within a job or profession.
1965New Statesman 7 May 707/2 Such a department..would have to have a long-term career structure. 1986Professional Teacher Summer 4/3 The PAT paper..outlines the Association's standpoint on the five issues itemised in the panel's terms of reference: pay; career structure; career progression; conditions of service; and procedures for negotiation.
▪ II. career, v.|kəˈrɪə(r)|
For forms see the n.
†1. intr. To take a short gallop, to ‘pass a career’; to charge (at a tournament); to turn this way and that in running (said of a horse); also fig. Also trans. with cognate object. Obs.
1594Willobie Avisa F ij, Shamelesse Callets..That..can carire the whores rebound, To straine at first, and after yeeld. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. 52 His horse of a fierce courage carrierd as he went. 1672Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal (1714) 87 How we Tilt and Career.
2. transf. and fig. To gallop, run or move at full speed. (Also to career it.)
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 87 If's tongue doth not career't above his wit. 1679Sc. Pasquils (1868) 248 Episcopie must quit the cause, And let old Jack carrear boys. 1795Southey Joan of Arc i. 368 When Desolation royally careers Over thy wretched country. 1823Scott Peveril v, The little Julian was careering about the room for the amusement of his infant friend. 1851Househ. Narrative 13 Two heavy seas..careered towards one another. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iii. 331 Sap..Careering through a tree.
3. trans. To make (a horse) career.
1829W. Irving Conq. Granada lxxxiii. (1856) 450 A Moor is born..to career the steed..and launch the javelin.
4. To move swiftly over. (Cf. ‘run the streets’.)
1830W. Phillips Mt. Sinai i. 47 In living clouds careering the expanse, These fleck the firmament.
Hence caˈreerer, caˈreering vbl. n. and ppl. a., caˈreeringly adv.
1844Blackw. Mag. 691 Careerers of the skies! 1627Bp. Hall Heav. upon Earth vii. 80 All..fall to plunging and careering. 1817Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves (1862) 66 The mad careering of the storm. 1599Nashe Lent. Stuffe (1871) 48 The careeringest billow. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 756 Careering Fires. 1838De Quincey Wks. XIV. 295 Huge careering leaps. 1832J. Wilson in Blackw. Mag. 272, I came down waveringly, careeringly, flourishingly. |