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Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, n. Astron.
Brit. |ˌhəːtsprʌŋˌrʌsl ˈdʌɪəgram|, U.S. |ˈˌhərtˌsprəŋˈrəsəl ˈˌdaɪəˌgræm|
[‹ the names of Ejnar Hertzsprung (see Hertzsprung n.) and Henry Norris Russell (1877–1957), U.S. astrophysicist, who constructed the diagram + diagram n.
The diagram was constructed and presented in a lecture by Russell in 1913 (Pop. Astron. (1914) 22 275) and subsequently known as the Russell diagram until it was realized that such a diagram had previously been constructed by Hertzsprung in 1911 (Publ. d. Astrophysikalischen Observatoriums zu Potsdam No. 63.) for two star clusters in the constellation Taurus.]
A graph on which stars (esp. those in a galaxy or cluster) are plotted according to their brightness and spectral type, typically with decreasing visual magnitude (increasing luminosity) on the vertical axis and spectral class (decreasing surface temperature) on the horizontal axis. Formerly also called Russell diagram.
[1928J. H. Jeans Astron. & Cosmogony vi. 175 The normal evolutionary track of a star must be thought of as a curved line..of the general type indicated on a Russell diagram.] 1939S. Chandrasekhar Introd. Study Stellar Struct. vii. 251 These computed values..give a general interpretation of the characteristic features summarized in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. 1942W. M. Smart Found. Astron. xii. 216 If the short time-scale is finally accepted, the evolutionary course suggested by the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram must be discarded and the diagram itself regarded as an unexplained statistical relation between absolute magnitude and spectral type. 1989M. Longair in P. Davies New Physics vi. 110/2 The stars occupy quite specific regions of this luminosity-temperature diagram..which is also known as a Hertzsprung-Russell (or H-R) diagram, or, equivalently, as a colour-magnitude diagram. 1997Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 4839 The ages determined for globular clusters are fundamentally dependent on the ability to identify the luminosity of the turnoff in an [sic] Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. |