| 释义 |
preter-, præter-, prefix|ˈpriːtə(r)|
The L. adv. and prep. præter past, by, beyond, above, more than; in addition to, besides; comparative of præ before, = further forward, more in front.
1. In Latin præter adv. was prefixed only to verbs and their derivative ns. and adjs., as prætercurrĕre to run by or past, prætergredī to step or march past, to surpass, præterīre to go or pass by, omit, pass over, pass away (in time), præteriens passing, præteritus past, præteritio a passing by or over, præterlābī to glide or slip by, prætermittĕre to let go by, omit, overlook, prætermissio omission, etc. Hence the Eng. pretergress, -gression, preterient, preterite, -ition, pretermit, -mission, etc., and the analogous pretergeneration, preteroffice.
2. In Scholastic Latin, adjectives began to be formed from L. phrases with præter prep. + n., e.g. præternātūrālis, from præter nātūram (Cic.) beyond or outside nature; Du Cange has of 1451 præternecessārius, from quod præter necessārium est what is beyond the necessary. Hence French préternaturel 15.., Eng. preternatural a 1600, followed in the 17th c. by preternotorious, -native, -regular, -royal, -legal, -intentional, -scriptural, -seasonable, etc.; preterhuman, -nuptial, -sensual, etc. are 19th c. formations. From these adjs., adverbs and nouns of quality, as preternaturally, preternaturalism, are always possible; preterplurality follows this analogy.
All the derivatives from words already in Latin, with the more important adjs., appear in their places as Main words; those of less importance (many only nonce-words) follow here.
preterˈcanine a., more than canine. preter-ˈChristian a., beyond what is Christian; lying outside Christianity. preterdeˈtermined a., more than determined; hence preterdeˈterminedly adv. preterdiploˈmatic a., lying outside of or not within the bounds of diplomacy; hence preterdiploˈmatically adv. preterˈequine a., more than equine. pretereroˈgation, nonce-wd. [after supererogation], performance beyond or outside of what is demanded or required. pretereˈssential a., beyond what is essential. pretergeneˈration, preternatural generation, monstrous birth. preterinˈtentional a., beyond or additonal to what is intended. preterˈlethal a., taking place after death. preterˈnative a., beyond or additional to what is native. preternoˈtorious a., surpassingly notorious. preterˈnuptial a., lying outside of the nuptial relation. preterˈoffice, an action contrary to duty: cf. office n. 2 a. preterpluˈrality, excessive numerousness or multitude. preterpoˈlitical a., lying outside of what is political or civil. preter-ˈregular a., outside the limits of what is regular. preter-ˈroyal a., more than royal privilege warrants. preterˈscriptural a., beyond what is written. preterˈseasonable a., beyond what is seasonable. preterˈsensual a., beyond the domain of the senses; preterˈsensuous a. = pretersensual adj.
1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xii, A great dog..passed me..not staying to look up, with strange *pretercanine eyes, in my face, as I half expected it would.
1873Morley Rousseau II. 258 A *præter-christian deism, or the principle of natural religion, was inevitably contained in the legal conception of a natural law.
1892G. Meredith Empty Purse Poems 1898 II. 200 Not as Cybele's beast will thy head lash tail So *præter-determinedly thermonous.
1904Contemp. Rev. May 615 *Praeter-diplomatic machinery may be set to work to remove them. Ibid. June 806 In praeter-diplomatic ways..Mr. Chamberlain received excellent grounds for believing that Germany was ripe for an alliance with Great Britain.
1900Daily News 24 Dec. 5/1 The drivers are skilled, and their horses endowed with a *preterequine intelligence.
1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely ii. ix. 346 It is certaine that Supererogation there can be none, though *praetererogation we should graunt you, howbeit subtererogation were the fitter word.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq., Synopsis Proph. 542 Puzzled in some opinions and scrupulosities that are *preteressential.
1640G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. iii. iv. 145 Concret Physique hath the same division which Naturall History hath; so that it is a knowledge either concerning the Heavens;..or concerning the lesser Collegiates, or natures specifique; so likewise concerning *Pretergenerations [L. prætergenerationes], and concerning Mechaniques. 1690Boyle Chr. Virtuoso i. Wks. 1772 V. 528 Sir Francis Bacon..assigns the second of them to what he calls præter-generations, such as monsters, prodigies, and other things.
1663Sir G. Mackenzie Religious Stoic xi. (1865) 103 Define them to be the *preter-intentional works of nature.
1887W. M. Rossetti Shelley's Prometh. Unb. 19 The indefinable possibilities of existence prænatal and *præterlethal—the world of spirit before birth and after death.
1647M. Hudson Div. Right Govt. ii. x. 146 Thus much briefly of the Native Fundamentals and Essentials of Politick Government; the next point to be spoken of is the *Preternative.
a1625Fletcher, etc. Fair Maid Inn iv. ii, I confess myself a more *preternotorious rogue than himself.
1833Carlyle Misc. Ess., Diderot (1872) V. 21 To whom we owe this present *preternuptial Correspondance. 1837Ibid., Mirabeau 243 Nay, poor woman, she by and by, we find, takes up with preternuptial persons.
1656Stanley Hist. Philos. viii. (1701) 328/2 *Præter-office is an action, which reason requireth [pr. acquireth] that we do not, as, to neglect our Parents, to contemn our Brethren, to disagree with our Friends, to despise our Country.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler 28 It is not easily credible, what may be said of the *preterpluralities of Taylors in London. I have heard..there were numbred between Temple-barre and Charingcrosse, eight thousand of that Trade.
1651Hobbes Leviath. iv. xlvii. 385 The analysis, or resolution,..beginneth with the knot that was last tied; as we may see in the dissolution of the *præterpolitical Church Government in England.
1647Ward Simp. Cobler (1843) 37, I had rather suppose them to powder, than expose them to preregular, much lesse to *preter regular Judgements.
Ibid. 49 The tongues of Times tell us of ten *Preter-royall Usurpations, to one contra-civill Rebellion.
1672H. More Brief Reply viii. 240 The former part..is so without analogy, and the latter so turgid and *preterscriptural.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. xii. 56 When 'tis an Ordinary and Durable, though *Preter-seasonable Constitution, Cold will be sure to be remembred.
1885tr. Schultze's Fetichism vii. §2 He must needs go beyond the domain of sense, and assign causes not apprehensible to the senses, *praetersensual or supersensual.
1963V. Nabokov Gift iii. 172 If..he had had to answer before some *pretersensuous court..he would scarcely have decided to say that he loved her. |