| 释义 |
burnt, burned, ppl. a.|bɜːrnt, bɜːnd|
For forms see the vb.
[f. burn v.1]
1. Set on fire, consumed with fire.
1382Wyclif Isa. xiii. 9 Brent faces [Vulg. facies combustæ]. 1535Coverdale Jer. li. 25 A brente hill. a1547Surrey æneid ii. 1015 Reft from the brent Temples of Troy. 1591Spenser Ruines of Time 19 Th' auncient Genius of that Citie brent. 1611Bible Jer. li. 25, I wil..make thee a burnt mountaine. Mod. Many objects of value were discovered amid the ruins of the burnt houses.
b. fig. Fired with passion; inflamed, excited.
a1564Becon Humble Supplic. in Prayers, &c. (1844) 247 Brent with a fervent and unfeigned zeal. 1859Tennyson Enid 560 All his face Glow'd..So burnt he was with passion.
2. burnt out:
a. extinct after entire consumption of the fuel; sometimes fig.;
b. driven out by a conflagration; cf. burn v. 15.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. vii. ii. 302 Burnt-out Seigneurs, rally round your Queen! 1837De Quincey Lake Poets &c. Wks. II. 108 It was a burnt-out volcano. 1887Manch. Guardian 31 May 5 The burned-out company of the Opéra Comique. 1908Hardy Dynasts III. vii. ix. 347 This is my burnt-out hour. 1917T. S. Eliot Prufrock 24 The burnt-out ends of smoky days. 1919F. Hurst Humoresque 256 She looked up at him with a tired, a burned-out, an ashamed smile. 1926E. Bowen Ann Lee's 93 Mrs Pym was a fair, burnt-out young woman of twenty-five. 1969Listener 3 Apr. 472/1 Joss Ackland as Danton, the not entirely burnt-out volcano.
c. Of a leper: cured (see quot. 1959), esp. in burnt-out case. Also fig. (freq. with influence of sense 2 a).
1959G. Greene Congo Jrnl. 10 Feb. (1961) 42 Leprosy cures where disease has been arrested and cured only after the loss of fingers or toes are known as burnt-out cases. 1961― (title) A burnt-out case. 1961New Statesman 24 Feb. 318/1 Yet had this priest not burned at the stake in 1634, he could be discovered in the Congo as a nobler but still walking ‘burnt-out case’. 1961Encounter XVI. 70 The burnt-out leper is not too obtrusive. 1961Times Lit. Suppl. 2 June 340/2 His constitution ‘seemed to have broken down, and no career in life lay open’ to him. A burnt-out case. 1968R. Harris Nice Girl's Story ii. 18 He was probably a burnt-out case—perhaps his wife had perished in the gas chambers. His interest in life, except to get through it somehow, might be dead.
3. a. Affected or damaged by fire or excessive heat, scorched. † burnt line: the equator. † burnt zone: the torrid zone. In † burnt planet, † burnt way, = combust (Astrol.).
1393Gower Conf. II. 375 They destruied king and all And leften but the brente wall. 1552Huloet, Burned roste-meate on the spyt. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 59 The marchaunt..passeth to Inde, By the burnte line or Equinoctiall. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. 142 Being under the burnt Zone, it was held uninhabitable. 1667Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 442 The ground was everywhere so burned and dry. 1862M. E. Rogers Dom. Life Palestine 17 Cattle were browsing on the scanty burnt-up pasture.
b. Of persons: That has suffered injury or pain from fire, or agencies resembling fire; esp. in proverb, the burnt child dreads the fire.
c1400Rom. Rose 1820 Brent child of fier hath mych drede. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 45 Burnt childe fyre dredth. 1674Duke of Lauderdale in Lauderd. Papers (1885) III. xxxii. 53 A burn'd Child dreads the fire.
†c. Med. Adust. burnt choler: ‘choler adust’.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. xv. 24 Hoate, cholerique, burnte, and pernicious humors. 1585Lloyd Treas. Health Y iv, Against a quartaine of burnt coler in haruest, take y⊇ rote of fennel, parcely, of bochers brome, sperage, cinkfoyle.
4. That has been treated with fire for a specific purpose:
a. Said of earth that has been burn-beated; of clay, bricks, tiles, etc. Also burnt-iron (see quot. 1881).
1387Trevisa Higden (1865) I. 97 Þe walles were i-made of brend tile and of glewe in stede of morter. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 687 Harts doe run ouerthwart the burned ground where the dogges can haue no sent. 1834Brit. Husb. xvii. I. 367 Part of the field was dressed with burned clay. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Burnt iron, in the Bessemer and open-hearth processes, iron which has been exposed to oxidation until all its carbon is gone.
b. Of gold and silver: Molten, refined by fire.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 988 Þe borȝ watz al of brende golde bryȝt. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1304 His sadel was of brend gold newe ybete. c1420Anturs of Arth. xxx, A bordur a-boute alle of brent gold. 1488Inv. Jewels of Jas. III in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 393 Item twa braid pecis of brynt silver bullioune.
c. Calcined or treated by fire for use as a drug, pigment, etc., as burnt alum, burnt carmine, burnt ochre, burnt sienna, burnt sponge, burnt umber, etc. (see alum n., carmine, etc.); † burnt-brass, obs. name for copper sulphate; † burnt copper, copper oxide; † burnt lead, lead sulphide.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 459 Cathereticks, burnt pumice-stone, burnt alum, burnt vitriol, burnt antimony or crocus metallorum..Causticks, live lime, burnt-brasse, sublimat mercury. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Lead, Burnt Lead, plumbum ustum, is..lead melted in a pot with sulphur, and reduced by fire into a brown powder. 1790Richardson Chem. Princ. Metallic Arts 124 When it [copper] is exposed to a red heat..it separates in scales, which are called burnt copper. 1800Med. Jrnl. IV. 412 To medical practitioners in general, burnt sponge is known to be the basis of the Coventry remedy. 1844Thackeray May Gambols in Wks. (1899) XIII. 441, I have so often wandered before with burnt-sienna plough-boys. 1846Dickens Pictures from Italy 41 Two burnt-sienna natives. 1946R. Lehmann Gipsy's Baby 78 The expanses of burnt sienna mud.
d. Impressed by burning or branding; branded.
1652Advt. in Proc. Parliament No. 163 A Browne bay Mare..a burned O upon each hip.
e. burnt taste, burnt flavour, etc.: a taste, etc., resembling that of something that has been burnt; burnt cream = crème brûlée.
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. C. 209 Burnt Cream. Take Yolks of four or five Eggs, beat them well in a Stew-pan. Set the Cream on the Furnace [etc.]. 1969Observer 12 Jan. 32/8 Burnt Cream (layers of custard and clotted cream covered with sugar and browned).
5. Of wine, etc.: ‘Made hot’ (J.); see quot. 1876; the precise early sense is doubtful. (Now only dial.) burnt brandy: that from which part of the spirit has been removed by burning.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. 120 Commyng to..a tavern, called for burnt-wine, sacke, malmesie, hipocras and what not. 1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. i. 222 Ile giue you a pottle of burn'd sacke. 1661Pepys Diary 15 Jan., A cupp of burnt wine at the taverne. 1709Steele Tatler No. 36 ⁋5 I'll lay Ten to Three, I drink Three Pints of burnt Claret at your Funeral. 1876F. Robinson Whitby Gloss. Pref. 9 ‘Burnt wine from a silver flagon’ was handed..being a heated preparation of port wine with spices and sugar. 1880Barman's Man. 55 Burnt brandy..one glass of Cognac and half a table-spoonful of white sugar, burnt in a saucer.
6. Affected as with burning.
a. Of grain: Affected by smut, ergot, etc.; cf. 7.
1597Gerard Herbal i. lvii. 77 Burnt Rie hath no one good property. 1806R. Andrews in Young Agric. Essex I. 295, Ears of smut, or what we call burnt wheat.
b. Affected by venereal disease.
1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 289 A burnt whore.
c. (See quot.)
1909Daily Chron. 23 Feb. 7/2 The buyer should beware of..burnt furs. Such furs have been over-dyed, and the hair will soon become rusty and fall out.
7. Comb., as burnt almond, an almond enclosed in burnt sugar; hence, a fashion shade of brown; † burnt-cat [F. chat brûlé], a sort of pear; burnt cork, cork that has been burnt so that it can be used for blackening the face, hands, etc.; freq. attrib., as burnt-cork artist, a Negro minstrel (see Negro 3); burnt-cork v. trans., to blacken with burnt cork; burnt-corked a., blackened with burnt cork; burnt-ear, a disease in corn, in which, owing to the growth of a minute fungus Uredo segetum, the ear appears covered with blackened powder; burnt feed Austral. (see quot.); † burnt-marked a., branded; burnt stuff Austral. (see quot. 1945).
1850Family Friend III. 327/1 Put a *burnt almond..in the centre. 1892Encycl. Pract. Cookery 14/2 Pound the Burnt Almonds..in a mortar. 1895Cassell's Fam. Mag. June 554/1 [A bonnet] of burnt-almond straw. 1913‘Ascott R. Hope’ Half & Half Trag. 121 Treating me to twopence worth of ‘burned almonds’.
1690W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 80 The Pot calls the Pan *burnt-arse.
1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 216 *Burnt-cat, Lady-pear, Ice-pear..are all very good winter-pears.
c1800C. Mathews in Mrs. Mathews Mem. C. M. (1838) I. xv. 305 Camel's hair pencils, hare's feet, whiting, *burnt corks. 1840Burnt Cork [see cork n.1 1]. 1869Porcupine 3 July 123/1 The Theatre Royal has within the last week or two been usurped by a company of the ‘burnt cork’ professors. 1873‘Ascott R. Hope’ Night before Holidays (1874) 98 We had one very fine false beard,..and there was plenty of burned cork to be had. 1880E. James Amat. Negro Minstrel's Guide 10 A pair of legs such as Nelse Seymour had..are great attractions in a burnt-cork artist. 1893P. H. Emerson (title) Signor Lippo, burnt-cork artiste.
1884Liverpool Daily Post 2 Jan. 4/7 Their *burnt-corked faces. 1885Jerome On the Stage 3 We..burnt-corked our hands and faces. 1898Daily News 6 May 2/6 For money-making it is necessary to wear masks or to burnt-cork the face.
a1722Lisle Husb. 150 (E.D.S.) *Burnt-ear, Ustilago in corn. 1835Penny Cycl. III. 465/2 Diseases to which barley is subject..the smut, the burnt ear, blight.
1848H. W. Haygarth Bush Life Australia vii. 73 A patch of ‘*burnt feed’ (as the young herbage is called which springs up..where the old grass has been set on fire).
1705in Lond. Gaz. No. 4163/4 A..Mare..*burnt-marked on the near Hip with H.
1852J. Bonwick Notes Gold Digger 9 Some neighbouring bearded digger turns round and condescendingly remarks, that it is only the ‘*burnt stuff’. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. v. 94 Burnt stuff, a stratum of iron-hard rock or compacted clay and rock encountered during digging.
8. burnt (colour), a deep shade of yellowish brown; so burnt-coloured adj.
1896Daily News 2 July 8/7 Hats of ‘burnt’ straw, this being the technical name of a deep shade of yellowish brown. 1899Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 3/3 Burnt-coloured straw. 1923Weekly Dispatch 25 Feb. 14 Colours: Navy,..Nut, Mastic and Burnt.
b. Of a colour or shade of colour: having the appearance of darkening by scorching.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 360/3 Colors for Artists... Burnt Roman Ochre—Burnt Sienna—Burnt Terre Verte. 1923Daily Mail 19 Feb. 5 Coloured Shantung... In a full range of new colourings, including..Rose, Burnt Orange, Almond, [etc.]. Ibid. 19 Mar. 1 Burnt Gold. |