| 释义 |
madrigal, n.|ˈmædrɪgəl|
Also 6–7 -ale, -all.
[ad. It. madrigale (whence Fr., Sp. madrigal).
The origin of the It. word is obscure. On the ground of the occurrence in early It. of the variant forms madriale, mandriale (cf. obs. Sp. mandrial, mandrigal), Diez (followed by most later etymologists) accepts Ménage's derivation from It. mandria herd, f. L. mandra, a. Gr. µάνδρα fold; the primitive sense according to this view would be ‘pastoral song’ (cf. quots. 1597, 1614 in 3).]
1. A short lyrical poem of amatory character; chiefly, a poem suitable for a musical setting such as is described below (see 2).
1588(title) Mvsica Transalpina, Madrigales translated of foure, fiue, and sixe parts, chosen oute of diuers excellent Authors. Ibid. A ij, I had the hap to find in the hands of some of my good friends, certaine Italian Madrigales, translated most of them fiue yeeres agoe by a Gentleman for his priuate delight. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. vi. iii. (1651) 299 How to make Jigs, Sonnets, Madrigals in commendation of his Mistress. a1637B. Jonson Underwoods (1640) 209 He That chanc'd the lace, laid on a Smock, to see And straight-way spent a Sonnet; with that other That (in pure Madrigall) unto his Mother Commended the French-hood [etc.]. 1736Sheridan in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 167, I know you love Alexandrines; for which reason I closed the above madrigal with one. I think it is of a very good proportion, which I hope you will set to musick. a1771Gray Metrum Wks. 1843 V. 250 Madrigals of Eight [lines], on Three Rhymes. Sir T. Wyatt. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry (1840) III. 142 He [Clément Marot] was the inventor of the rondeau, and the restorer of the madrigal. 1888Murray's Mag. July 43 Poetically speaking a madrigal may be defined as the shortest form of lyrical poetry.
2. Mus. A kind of part song for three or more voices (usually, five or six) characterized by adherence to an ecclesiastical mode, elaborate contrapuntal imitation, and the absence of instrumental accompaniment; also applied loosely to part songs or glees not bound by these conditions.
See Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XV. 192/1, XVII. 84/1.
1588[see 1]. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 34 b, Their merry-running Madrigals, and sportiue Base-bidding Roundelayes. 1594Morley (title) Madrigalles to foure Voyces, the first Booke. 1597― Introd. Mus. 180 The light musicke hath beene of late more deepely diued into..the best kind of it is termed Madrigal..it is a kinde of musicke made vpon songs and sonnets...As for the musicke it is next unto the Motet, the most artificial and to men of vnderstanding most delightfull. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 50 And who shall silence all the airs and madrigalls, that whisper softnes in chambers? 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. 59 Your Madrigals or Fala's of five and six Parts, which were composed for Viols and Voices by many of our excellent English Authors, as Mr. Morley, Wilks, Wilbey, Ward, and others. 1789Burney Hist. Mus. (ed. 2) III. ii. 201 The most chearful species of secular Music..was that of madrigals, a style of composition, that was brought to its highest degree of perfection about the latter end of the 16th century. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. I. 31 A little club, where catches, glees, motets, and madrigals, with the canon ‘Non nobis’ in finale, were ‘done’ in plain correctness. 1879E. Prout in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 306 The only difference between the canzona and the madrigal being that the former was less strict in style. 1879J. Hullah ibid. 598 The glee differs from the madrigal..in its tonality, which is uniformly modern.
3. transf. and fig. A song, ditty.
1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 25 If a wrinckle appeare in her brow, then our shepheard must put on his working day face, and frame nought but dolefull Madrigalls of sorrowe. a1593Marlowe Pass. Sheph. to his Love ii, By shallow Rivers, to whose fals Melodious birds sing Madrigals. 1597Middleton Wisdom of Solomon xvii. 16 The merry shepherd..Tuning sweet madrigals of harvest's joy. 1614Sir W. Alexander Alexis to Damon in Drummond of Hawthornden Poems, Those Madrigals we song amidst our Flockes. 1634Milton Comus 495 Thyrsis? Whose artful strains have oft delaid The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. a1640Jackson Creed x. xxiii. §8 Changing their late joyful hymns of Hosanna to the Son of David into sad madrigals of Crucifige, crucifige. 1800–24Campbell O'Connor's Child iii, And oft amidst the lonely rocks She sings sweet madrigals. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 178 Thrushes chant their madrigals. 1848Dickens Dombey xli, Gentle Mr. Toots..hears the requiem of little Dombey on the waters, rising and falling in the lulls of their eternal madrigal in praise of Florence.
4. attrib. and Comb.
1611Florio, Madrigáli, Madriáli, Madrigall songs. 1877W. A. Barrett (title) English Glee and Madrigal Writers. 1880Mackeson in Grove's Dict. Mus. II. 192 Founded in 1741 by John Immyns, a member of the Academy of Ancient Music, the Madrigal Society enjoys the distinction of being the oldest musical association in Europe. 1883Encycl. Brit. XV. 192/1 The art of madrigal composition was never practised in Germany, and it died out in other countries early in the 17th century. 1888J. A. F. Maitland in Dict. Nat. Biog. XVI. 327/1 The madrigal form as used by the Italians.
Hence ˈmadrigal v. intr. (rare), to write, compose, or sing madrigals. Also with it.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 48 When Elderton began to ballat, Gascoine to sonnet, Turberuile to madrigal, Drant to versify [etc.]. 1742Jarvis Quix. ii. lxviii. 272 Madrigal it as much as your worship pleases. |