| 释义 |
▪ I. bucket, n.1|ˈbʌkɪt|
Forms: 3–4 bocket(t, 4 bukket, 4–6 boket(t, 5 buket(t, 5–6 buckette, 3– bucket.
[Etymology uncertain: app. a. OF. buket washing tub, milk-pail (Godef. s.v. buquet); cf. OE. búc ‘lagena’, bowk.]
1. a. ‘The vessel in which water is drawn out of a well.’ b. ‘The vessels in which water is carried, particularly to quench a fire.’ (J.)
Buckets were formerly made of leather or wood; now of various materials, esp. metal or plastics. They are used as containers for many things. The local application of the word varies greatly: in the south-east of England and in U.S. a bucket is a round wooden pail with arched handle; in south of Scotland it is a 4-sided wooden vessel for carrying salt, coal, ashes, etc.
a1300Cursor M. 3306 Wantes vs here..Ne mele, ne bucket, ne funell. 1382Wyclif Isa. xl. 15 As a drope of a boket. 1423Jas. I King's Q. 70 As Tantalus..Water to draw wt buket botemles. c1440Promp. Parv. 42 Bokett, situla, mergus. 1552–3Inv. Ch. Goods Staffs. 12 A pix of masten, a bokett of brasse, vj alter cloths. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iv. i. 185 Like a deepe Well, That owes two Buckets, filling one another, The emptier euer dancing in the ayre, The other downe, vnseene, and full of Water. 1611Bible Pref. 4 Like children at Iacobs well..without a bucket. 1720Gay Poems (1745) I. 225 Fetch the leathern bucket that hangs in the belfry. 1822Scott Nigel xxii, There are fagots and a bucket of sea-coal in the stone-chest. 1852Leisure Hour 632 The blocks of stone which contain the ore are brought up in buckets. 1895Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 427/1 India Rubber Bucket, Rope Handle... Canvas Bucket. 1907Ibid. 181/1 Fire Buckets.., tinned steel, with iron handles, painted red and lettered. 1922Joyce Ulysses 102 A server, bearing a brass bucket with something in it, came out through a door. Ibid. 348 The rain falling on the rusty bucket. 1969Sears, Roebuck Catal. 1269/1 Ice bucket..made of easy-clean vinyl with a clear plastic cover.
c. Phrase, to give the bucket to: to dismiss; cf. give the bag, the sack. to kick the bucket: see bucket n.2
1863Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia's L. II. 122 He were sore put about because Hester had gi'en him the bucket.
2. The piston of an ordinary lift-pump.
1634Bate Myst. Nat. & Art 9 If you lift the sweepe, it will thrust down the bucket upon the water. 1659J. Leak Water-wks. 17 The Sucker..sustains the Water when the Buckets or Suckers of the Pumps are not lifted up. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art I. 183 This piston is then called the bucket.
3. a. One of the compartments on the circumference of a water-wheel, which retain the water while they descend; one of the scoops of a dredging machine; one of the series of metal cups on the endless band of a grain-elevator.
1759Smeaton in Phil. Trans. LI. 133 If a stream of water falls into the bucket of an overshot wheel, it is there retained till the wheel by moving round discharges it. 1812Playfair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 217 The momentum of the water in the buckets is equal to the momentum of the resistance. 1831Lardner Hydrostatics x. 198 On the rim of the wheel..a number of cavities, called buckets, are constructed.
b. A scoop operated by power, used for hoisting coal, grain, etc., and in dredging and excavating.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech., Bucket, (3) The scoop of a dredging machine. 1881[see grab n.2 4]. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 531/2 Grabs or buckets for dredging purposes.
4. transf.
†a. A cooler over an alembic.
b. A leathern socket or rest for the whip in driving, or for the carbine or lance as part of cavalry equipment.
c. The socket for the stump in an artificial leg or arm.
d. A canvas-covered frame used as a signal for boats.
e. Applied to the ‘pitcher’ in certain orchids.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. 3 The bucket, or cooler in the head [of the Limbeck]. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 103 Draw the carbine from the bucket Ibid. 161 The lance is to rest with the butt-end in the bucket on the right stirrup. 1863G. J. Whyte-Melville Ins. Bar (ed. 12) 250, I put the whip in the bucket, and drove steadily on. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. ix. 178 A bucket, with an aperture like a spout, is formed in an orchid.
5. Rowing. [f. bucket v. 5.] ‘A plunge forward with the body when the stroke is concluded before the arms have been straightened out, and the hands at least passed the knees’ (Encycl. Sport).
1888W. B. Woodgate Boating iv. 70 Lateness in swing may arise per se, and so may a ‘bucket’. 1898R. P. P. Rowe et al. Rowing 35 The swing forward should be kept as slow as is reasonably possible, and a ‘bucket’ avoided.
6. Comb., as bucket bag, a woman's bag, resembling a bucket in shape; bucket chain, (a) a chain linked to a bucket; (b) a line of persons formed to pass buckets of water or sand to a conflagration; bucket-door, the cover of an opening which gives access to the buckets of a pump; bucket dredge, dredger, a dredge that excavates by means of scoops or buckets; so bucket-dredging vbl. n.; bucket-elevator [elevator 3 a], a chain of buckets for raising material or liquids to a higher level; bucket-engine, a machine having buckets attached to an endless chain running over sprocket-wheels, so as to utilize the power of a small stream of water with a good fall; † bucket-fountain, a means of raising water with buckets; bucket-hook (U.S.), a contrivance for attaching a bucket to the sugar-maple tree, for the purpose of catching the sap; bucket-ladder (see quot. 1877); bucket-lift, a set of iron pipes attached to a lift-pump; bucket-pump, a lift-pump; bucket-rod, a rod carrying the piston of a lift-pump; bucket-rope (see quot.); bucket-seat, in a motor-car, aeroplane, etc., a seat partly resembling a bucket in shape; bucket-valve, a round valve employed in the air-pump of a steam-engine; bucket-well, a well from which the water is drawn by a bucket; bucket-wheel, an ancient contrivance for raising water, consisting of buckets fixed round a wheel, or attached to a rope passing round a wheel, which fill at the bottom and empty themselves into a trough at the top; also, an overshot or breast wheel operated by the impulse and weight of the water falling into the buckets or receptacles on its rim.
1956‘J. Bell’ Death in Retirement iv. 49 Mrs. Weaver produced a fat envelope from her *bucket bag. 1959Woman 31 Oct. 74/3 Her hand crept down to take a purse from the open bucket bag.
1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 21 Apr. 14/3 It was expected the dredger would be ready about a week ago but the *bucket chain slipped and some time was occupied in replacing this. 1932Daily Express 28 June 1/2 When one fire brigade failed, the village girls..assisted the men in a ‘bucket chain’ until another brigade arrived.
1797J. Curr Coal Viewer 74 Cross Bars and Bolts for *Bucket and Clack *Doors.
1907Jrnl. Soc. Arts LV. 1009/1 The gold may rest in crevices, from which the *bucket dredge could not collect it.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 530/2 Where it is necessary to finish off the dredging work to a uniform flat bottom..*bucket dredgers are better adapted. 1930Engineering 15 Aug. 195/3 The bucket dredger is the only type which has been uniformly successful from the time of its introduction.
1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 116/1 The *bucket-dredging-apparatus.
1903Chambers's Jrnl. 30 May 415/2 The grain is then lifted by a *bucket-elevator to the upper deck. 1930Engineering 25 July 102/3 The function of the bucket elevators..on the main washing plant..will thus be understood.
1655Marquis of Worcester Cent. Inv. Index 3 A *Bucket-fountain [How to raise water constantly with two Buckets onely—art. 21].
1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 464/2 The main feature of the machine [sc. steam dredger] is the *bucket-ladder... Along this ladder a series of buckets traverse which cut into the bottom..and return loaded with the excavated material. 1902Ibid. XXVII. 529/1 Bucket-Ladder Dredgers.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vi. 27 The *Bucket rope that is tied to the Bucket by which you hale and draw water vp by the ships side. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Navy of Landships Wks. i. 81/1 The Guestrope, Bucketrope, and Porterope..were all of rare stuffes of great price.
1908Westm. Gaz. 29 Oct. 4/1 One is fitted with a luxurious body and the other left bare with two *bucket-seats. 1943Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLVII. Abstr. 212 The prone position is less tiring [to the pilot] than the normal bucket seat. 1958Vogue June 129 Individual bucket seats are ideal since they allow drivers to adjust them to their own requirements.
1813Examiner, 11 Jan. 22/1 The female was found in a *bucket well.
1797Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 904/1 A *bucket-wheel has been executed lately..of a construction entirely new. 1880Ibid. XII. 523/1 When..the supply is from 3 to 25 cubic feet per second, it is possible to construct a bucket wheel on which the water acts chiefly by its weight. 1970Times 23 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) p. vi/3 (caption) A giant bucket-wheel excavator scooping up oil-bearing tar sands.
▪ II. ˈbucket, n.2
[Perhaps a. OF. buquet, ‘trébuchet, balance’ Godef. It is uncertain whether quot. 1597, and the proverbial phrase, relate to this word or the prec.]
A beam or yoke on which anything may be hung or carried.
1570Levins Manip. 86 A Bucket, beame, tollo. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 283 Swifter then hee that gibbets on the Brewers Bucket. Mod. Newspaper. The beam on which a pig is suspended after he has been slaughtered is called in Norfolk, even in the present day, a ‘bucket’. Since he is suspended by his heels, the phrase to ‘kick the bucket’ came to signify to die.
Hence (perhaps) to kick the bucket; (slang) to die.
1785Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue, To kick the bucket, to die. 1806Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tristia Wks. 1812 V. 242 Pitt has kicked the bucket. 1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 57 Till time himsel' turn auld and kick the bucket. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxx, He drained it dry..and ‘kicked the bucket’. 1850Kingsley Alt. Locke ii..
▪ III. bucket, v.|ˈbʌkɪt|
[f. bucket n.1]
1. trans. To lift (water) in buckets; also with out, up. Also fig.
1649Wandering Jew, Alderman's F. (1857) 21 Deepe wells by continuall bucketting the water out, are in the end drawne dry. 1872A. J. Ellis in Philol. Soc. Trans. (1873) 31 The Greek, that great well whence we bucket up our abstract terms.
2. a. To pour buckets of water over; to drench.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. ii. (1651) 239 He would have his patient..to be bucketed, or have the water powred on his head. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. 194 Wo be to him whose head is bucketed with waters of a scalding bath.
b. intr. Of rain, etc.: to pour down heavily.
1926Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 844/1 Tramps don't walk about a marsh in bucketing rain in the midnight hours. 1970Woman 21 Feb. 45/1 She stood, umbrella-less..not even a headscarf between her and the bucketing sky.
3. slang. To cheat, swindle.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., To bucket a person is synonymous with putting him in the well. 1828Scott Diary in Lockhart (1839) IX. 253 Thurtell..must in slang phrase have bucketed his palls.
4. To ride (a horse) hard, reckless of his fatigue; to ‘pump’ (take it out of him by bucketfuls). Also, to move or drive (a vehicle, etc.) roughly or jerkily. Also intr.
1856[see bucketing vbl. n. 2]. 1868Tottenham C. Villars I. 243 Bucketing his wretched horse home to Cambridge. 1879L. S. Wingfield My Lords of Strogue iv, He..was painfully alive to the possibility of finding his daughter stolen one day,..to be bucketed about the country without a change of linen till his reluctant consent was wrung. 1904Westm. Gaz. 13 Dec. 10/2 He..was bucketed about the garrisons from the Canadas and Cape Breton to the Mediterranean. 1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling i. 10 The coach bumped and bucketed over boulders. 1921Blackw. Mag. Feb. 233/1 Poor preparation..for bucketing about the Baltic all the following day. 1922Chambers's Jrnl. 437/2 The envious beggar..buckets his old boat along for nothing. 1944Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLVIII. 276 There is little tendency to swing or bucket. Ibid. 280 The aircraft can be taxied fast without danger of bucketing.
5. Rowing. intr. To hurry the forward swing of the body preparatory to taking the stroke; also trans., as to bucket the recovery; and causally, to bucket an oarsman or crew.
1869[see bucketing ppl. a.] 1876Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly xv. 130 He was not so straight in the back as an Oxford stroke; and he bucketed about a good deal, but he got along. 1882St. James's Gaz. 15 Mar. 6/2 Smith shows a considerable tendency to bucket the recovery. 1884Ibid. 25 Jan. 6/2 Style and form are best taught to men if they are not bucketed. Mod. (Oxford Coach)—‘Don't bucket your bodies’! They bucketed over the course: they rowed a bucketing stroke. |