| 释义 |
presuppose, v.|priːsəˈpəʊz|
Also 6–7 præ-.
[a. F. présupposer (14th c. in Littré), after med.L. præsuppōnĕre (cf. presuppone): see pre- A. 1 and suppose v.]
1. trans. Of a person: To suppose, lay down, or postulate beforehand; hence, to take for granted or assume beforehand or to start with; to presume.
1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 3043 Pre-supposyd ther be no whyht To whom the offyce sholde of ryht Appertene off duete. 1482Caxton Trevisa's Higden iii. xv, Yf hester had be in his tyme [it] is to presuppose he wolde somwhat haue spoken of hir. 1530Palsgr. 52 For the declaryng of whiche thyng thre thynges be to be presupposed. 1581Lambarde Eiren. ii. vii. (1588) 243 The lawe presupposeth that he carieth that malicious mind with him. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 37 In makinge of a pyke they first frame theire staddle accordinge to the loades of hey that they presuppose shall bee layde in them. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 308 All the Authors I have met with seem to presuppose their Reader to understand Geometry. 1809Syd. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 179 Pre-supposing such a desire to please. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 273 You can tell that a song or ode has three parts—..that degree of knowledge I may presuppose.
†b. To suppose or assume the existence of (something) as prior to something else. Obs. rare.
(Here the pre- does not qualify the supposing, but indicates the order of the things supposed.)
1697G. K. Disc. Geom. Problems 7 To presuppose the knowledge of Conick Sections to the knowledge of some necessary Problems in plain Geometry, is greatly incongruous.
2. To suppose beforehand, or a priori; to think or believe in advance of actual knowledge or experience.
c1530L. Cox Rhet. (1899) 87 Presupposynge hym nat to be in muche other case. 1555Eden Decades 321 Presupposynge the thynge to bee impossible they neuer attempted it. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 25 A man wuld have præsupposid that the Masters letters to his præsident miht have dun somewhat with his præsident. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxi. §9 Men of corrupted minds presuppose that honesty groweth out of simplicity of manners. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. x, With a pervading air upon him of having presupposed the ceremony to be a funeral.
3. Of a thing: To require as a necessary preceding condition; to involve or imply as an antecedent.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 22 The holy lyfe of religyon presupposeth grace. 1594Mirr. Policy (1599) 51 Gouernement presupposeth Order, forasmuch as without Order, there can be no due gouernment. 1669Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 123 Princes..can have few friends, because friendship presupposeth some kind of equality. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. (1819) 369 A law presupposes an agent, for it is only the mode according to which an agent proceeds. 1866Cornh. Mag. Aug. 231 Healthy sleep presupposes a healthy state of brain. 1877E. R. Conder Bas. Faith vii. 296 An effect presupposes a cause.
4. pass. (from 1 or 3). To be implied or involved as something previously or already present or in existence. Formerly with to (cf. 1 b).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 155 [This] is necessaryly required to be had, as y⊇ meane directly presupposed, before yt euery persone can attayne to y⊇ perfeccyon of y⊇ contemplatyue lyfe. 1557Edgeworth Serm. Repert., Faith, hope, and charitie, be presupposed to the .vii. giftes of the holy gooast. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lviii. §3 Other principles..although not specified in defining, are notwithstanding in nature implied and presupposed. 1653Ashwell Fides Apost. 142 And Christs descent into Hell, is presupposed to the Article of his Resurrection. a1716South Serm. (1744) IX. xi. 319 In all rational agents, before every action there is presupposed a knowledge of the thing that is to be produced by that action. 1853Lynch Self-Improv. iv. 84 In all culture, nature is presupposed.
Hence † presuˈppose n., a presupposition. Obs.
1592R. D. Hypnerotomachia 84 Having made thys..swasive praesuppose..I..determined..to come backe againe to this noble..Nymph. |