| 释义 |
▪ I. bowel, n.1|ˈbaʊɪl|
Forms: 3 buel, 4 bewelle, bouel, 4–6 bowele, bowelle, 5 bawelly, boel, bowalle, bowaly, bowyle, boyell, 5–8 bowell, 3– bowel.
[ME. buel, bouel, a. OF. boel, buel, bouel, masc. (also boele, buele, bouele fem.) = Pr. budel, It. budello:—late L. botellus pudding, sausage (Martial), in late pop.L. ‘a small intestine’, dim. of botulus a sausage (cf. also pudding).]
I. sing.
1. One of the divisions of the alimentary canal below the stomach; an intestine, a gut. Now rare in the singular exc. in medical use.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. C. 293 In a bouel of þat best he [Jonah] bidez on lyue. 1393Gower Conf. II. 265 She toke her after the bowele Of the seewolf. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. vi. 75 They [the Olyphaunts] haue to fore them in maner of boyell grete and large. 1552Huloet, Brasten bowell, bubonocele. 1884Nature 27 Mar. 497/1 The seat of the disease, namely, the bowel.
†b. Gut (as a material). Obs.
c1420Liber Cocorum 5 Harpe strynges made of bowel.
†c. Any internal organ of the body. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 46 Bowalle or bowelle, viscus. 1620Venner Via Recta viii. 169 These two bowels, especially the liuer, doe vehemently desire sweete things. 1674R. Godfrey Inj. & Ab. Physic 118 The Stomach..so useful and necessary a Bowel that no Animal lives without it. 1782T. Arnold Insanity II. 65 No bowel is more frequently mutilated..than the brain.
II. pl. collectively.
2. The intestines or entrails; the portions of the intestinal canal contained within the abdomen.
a1300Cursor M. 16505 His buels [later MS. boweles] all, vte at his wambe þai wrang. c1300K. Alis. 4668 Theo bowelis weoren y-nomen out, And for-brent. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xlii. (1495) 158 The bowelles ben cominly called the guttes. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 111 a, Good for the brekinge and bursting of the bowelles. 1611Bible Ezek. vii. 19 They shall not satisfie their soules, neither fill their bowels. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 800 They return, and howle and gnaw My Bowels, their repast. 1758Johnson Idler No. 17 ⁋7 The anatomical novice tears out the living bowels of an animal. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 154 [It] brought on so violent an affection of his bowels. 1813J. Thomson Inflammation 189 Bathing the feet and legs gives relief in inflammation of the bowels.
†b. The (external) belly. Obs. rare.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3932/4 Several Warts on him [a horse], one on his Ear, one on his Breast and Bowels.
c. The interior or inside of the body; also fig. Cf. womb, heart, bosom, breast n. (rarely sing.)
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 497/2, I shall gyue my law in their bowele. c1561G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1825) I. 136, I do both lack wit in my poor old head, and cunning in my bowels. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. vi. 33 God will not haue vs to fall..to pulling out of his bowels as they doe which will needes bee searching out of measure. 1611Bible Gen. xv. 4 But he that shall come foorth out of thy owne bowels.
3. transf. (Considered as the seat of the tender and sympathetic emotions, hence): Pity, compassion, feeling, ‘heart’. Chiefly pl., and now somewhat arch. Cf. heart, breast n.
1382Wyclif Phil. i. 8 Hou I coueite ȝou alle in the bowelis of Jhesu Crist. c1440Gesta Rom. 24 Whenne she sawe his blody serke, all her bowelis weere troubelyd more than tunge may telle. 1611Bible Phil. ii. 1 If any bowels and mercies. 1651Proc. Parliament No. 110. 1695 Want of bowels in preaching towards them who are in hazard to perish. 1655Fuller Waltham Abb. (1840) 274 Bloody Bonner..full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. 1685Crowne Sir C. Nice i. 5 The family is a sad family, and I tarry out of pure bowels. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4427/2 To shew their Bowels for their Country. 1798Canning in Anti-Jacobin 14 May (1852) 104 'Twould have moved a Christian's bowels To hear the doubts he stated. 1832Lytton Eugene A. ii, I am a man that can feel for my neighbours. I have bowels—yes I have bowels. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xiii. i. 2 Had idle readers any bowels for him; which they have not.
b. In various archaic phrases as: bowels of compassion, mercies, pity, etc.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 110 b, Close not your bowells of charite from them. 1611Bible Coloss. iii. 12 Put on therefore..bowels of mercies. 1642Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §2 Upon the bare suggestion and bowels of pity. 1794Godwin Cal. Williams 279 The law has neither eyes, nor ears, nor bowels of humanity. 1873Morley Rousseau II. 218 note, It has none of the yearnings of the bowels of tenderness.
4. The interior of anything; heart, centre. Cf. belly n. 9.
1548Ld. Somerset Epist. Scots 243 Be we not in y⊇ bowels now of the realme? 1584Whetstone Mirour Mag., Dicinghouses..within the bowelles of the Citie of London. 1589Hay any Work A iij, Thou wilt enter into the bowels of the cause in hand. a1593H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 265 Three days and three nights in the bowels of the earth. 1696Whiston Th. Earth ii. 78 All Volcano's or subterraneous Fires, are in the Bowels of some Mountain. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. 364 That monster in true policy..a body of men, residing in the bowels of a state, and yet independent of it's laws. c1860Faraday Forces Nat. vi. 164 Brought together in the bowels of the earth.
†5. Offspring, children. Obs. [Cf. L. viscera.]
[1526Tindale Philem. 12 Receave him, that is to saye myne awne bowels. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 343 Sum put to it wormes or bowels of the earth.] a1593H. Smith Serm. (1871) I. 289 We should not spare our own bowels. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. i. 29 Thine owne bowels which do call thee, sire. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. i. vii, Men..bowelless unto others, and merciless unto their own bowells.
III. 6. Comb. (of bowel-), as bowel-complaint; bowel-like, bowel-racking adjs.; also, bowel-deep, up to or as high as the middle; bowel-galled a., ? applied to a horse whose belly is fretted with the girth; † bowel-gazer, -prier, one who inspects the entrails of sacrificed animals for religious purposes, a haruspex; hence bowel-gazing, -prying; bowel-hive, -hives Sc., a popular name for infantile enteritis and similar affections; bowel-hive grass, a herbalists' name for Alchemilla arvensis or Parsley-piert (Britten and Holland).
1828Scott Rev. Davy's Salmonia (1849) 260 *Bowel-deep in the stream.
1587Golding De Mornay xxii. 335 Seneca saith..that the *Bowelgasers were inuented for nothing els but to holde the people in awe.
Ibid. xxxii. 521 Where be..your Oracles, your *Bowelgazings and your Sacrifices?
1715Pennecuik Tweeddale 7 (Jam.) The rickets in children, which they call the *Bowel-hyve. 1863Rept. Registrar Gen. Scot., ‘Bowel-hives’ (or ‘bull-hives’), the vernacular name under which is included enteritis, convulsions, diarrhœa, dysentery, and teething.
1839–47Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 549/1 The stomach [of Iulus] is long and *bowel-like.
1600Holland Livy xlii. xxx. 1132 The *Bowell-priers [aruspices]..declared, That..they should make speed.
Ibid. 287 (R.) The *bowell-prying soothsaier.
▪ II. bowel n.2
rare variant of bole n.3, recess.
1834H. Miller Scenes & Leg. vi. (1857) 76 Little square recesses, termed bowels or boles.
▪ III. bowel, v.|ˈbaʊɪl|
Also 4 bouwel(en, 5 bowaylyn, bowellyn, 7 bowell.
[f. bowel n.1 Cf. OF. boeler.]
1. trans. To take out the bowels of, disembowel.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 329 Fro þe galweis quik þei lete him doun, & bouweld him alle hote. 1440J. Shirley Dethe K. James (1818) 27 Many of the other traitours were boweld all qwik. c1440Promp. Parv. 46 Bowaylyn, eviscero. 1566Gascoigne Jocasta Wks. (1587) 95 In thy sacred name I bowel here This sacrifice. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. 169 Five Seminaries..were hanged, bowelled, and quartered for treason. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. s.v. Sprain, Take a..Whelp, flea and bowel him. 1861Dixon Bacon x. §6 Coke, bent on hanging and bowelling all these miserable wretches.
†2. fig. To stir the bowels of, move or arouse the compassion of. Obs. rare.
1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 270 He was bowelled in heart, his bowels were moved with compassion.
▪ IV. bowel
obs. var. of bowl n.2 |