| 释义 |
▪ I. bough, n.|baʊ|
Forms: 1–2 bóh, bóᵹ, 2–4 boȝ, 2–3 boȝh, bou, 3 bohu, bohw, bouh, buȝ, 3–4 bugh, 3–5 bogh, 3–7 bow, 4 boghe, (boght), boow, bouȝ(e, bouw, bowȝe, buh, 4–6 bowe, 5 boe, Sc. bwy, 5–6 Sc. bew, 5–7 boughe, 6 bewch, boowe, bouwe, 5–9 Sc. beugh, 5– bough.
[Common Teut.: OE. bóᵹ, bóh = OHG. buog (MHG. buoc, mod.G. bug) shoulder, foreleg; MDu. boech, Du. boeg, ON. bôg-r shoulder, bow of a ship:—OTeut. *bôgu-z:—Aryan *bhāghu-s, Skr. bāhu-s arm. foreleg, Gr. πᾶχυς fore-arm.
The sense ‘bough of a tree’ appears to be of exclusively Eng. development; the Bow of a ship is ultimately the same word, but of recent adoption from Scandinavian or Low German. Notwithstanding a certain fitness of sense, this word is in no way related to the vb. stem *beug-, OE. búg-an to ]
†1. The shoulder of an animal. Obs.
c1000ælfric Ex. xxix. 22 Þu nymst þone rysle of þam ramme..& þone swyþran boh. a1400Morte Arth. 188 Seyne bowes of wylde bores with þe braune lechyde.
2. A limb, leg. Sc.
c1550A. Scott in Evergreen II. 183. xvi, Ryde down this brae, Thocht ye suld brek a beugh. 1706in Watson Coll. Poems I. 46 (Jam.) Came and tuik her by the beugh.
3. a. One of the larger limbs or offshoots of a tree, a main branch; but also applied to a smaller branch.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 8 Sume heowun þæra treowa boᵹas [c 1160 Hatton boᵹes]. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 219 Þe huuemeste bou of þe treuwe. c1200Ormin 10002 All cwike & grene boȝhess. c1250Gen. & Ex. 608 A grene oliues boȝ. a1300Cursor M. 8291 Apon a bogh þan can he seit. c1420Anturs of Arth. iv. (1842) 2 Vndur boes thay byde. 1423Jas. I. King's Q. xxxv, From beugh to beugh thay hippit and thai plaid. c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 45 The Bewes braid blomed about mine head. c1500God speed Plough 30 Our payment shalbe a styk of A bough. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. iii. x. 183, To couer the same with bouwes. 1653Walton Angler 154 Fasten that line to any bow. 1716–8Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xxxviii. 150 Followed by a man dressed in green boughs. 1875B. Taylor Faust I. xxi. 182 Boughs are groaning and breaking.
†b. transf. and fig. A main branch, as of a vein or artery; a branch of a family, or of anything metaphorically referred to as a tree. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 336 Bigin uormest et prude, & sech alle þe bowes þerof. a1300Cursor M. 24274 All sal be sauued thoru a man þat born es on þis bogh. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 40 He wedded þe dukes douhter..Þre bouwes of þam spronge. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 54 b, The religyous persone shold not..haue..deed bowes ne corrupte braunches. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. vi. 12 The Boughs of the Vein..are sent unto the transverse Muscle.
4. transf. A gallows: cf. similar use of tree. Legal Proverb. ‘The father to the bough, the son to the plough’: supposed to mean that, according to Kentish custom, attainder for felony does not deprive a man's children of the succession to his property. arch.
1590Swinburn Testaments 53 Or in Kent in Gauelkind..for there it is said, the father to the boughe, and the son to the ploughe. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (1862) 553/2 Some..have beene for their goods sake caught up, and carryed straight to the bough. 1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 77 If she doom thee to the bough.
5. Comb., as bough-flecked a., flecked by the partial shadow of boughs (poet.); bough-house, (a) U.S., a temporary structure made of boughs; (b) dial., see quot. 1852; bough-runes, Stephens's name for the runic characters modified so as to resemble branching trees; also boughless adj.
1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 404 The *bough-flecked dazzling light of mid-day shone.
1811Wilson Amer. Ornith. III. 111 Their destroyers construct for themselves lurking holes made of pine branches, called *bough-houses. 1852N. & Q. 17 Apr. 371/2 Witnesses spoke of a ‘bough-house’, and the explanation given was, that certain houses where beer, &c. was sold at fair-time only had boughs outside to indicate their character. 1882Mrs. Chamberlain Gloss. West Worcs. Words 4 Bough-house, house opened at fair-time only, for the sale of liquor. (Pershore.) Suppressed 1863. 1894Outing (U.S.) July 281/1 Down in the bough house the campers reclined. 1946Blunden Shelley i. 20 To the July Fair..folk came in from the country by hundreds and thousands, and ‘bough houses’ for their refreshment crowded the roadways.
1839Fraser's Mag. XX. 345 A birch-tree, entirely *boughless, branchless, and twigless.
1868G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 240 The Ice-runes are read in the same way as the *Bough-runes on the Maeshoue stones.
1669J. Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 249 Field-fares and *Bow-thrushes.
▪ II. † bough, v.1 Obs.
[f. prec. n.]
a. trans. To strip of boughs.
b. intr. To send out boughs.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §132 Dresse the wode and bowe it clene, and cut it at euery byght. 1852[see boughed].
▪ III. † bough, v.2 Obs. exc. Sc..
[f. the sound; cf. bow-wow.]
intr. To bark as a dog (now only with Sc. pron. |baʊx|). Hence ˈboughing ppl. a.
1566J. Studley Seneca's Agamem. (1581) 155 b, Nor barke with any boughinge throate.
▪ IV. bough
obs. form of bo2, bow. |