| 释义 |
▪ I. salvage, n.|ˈsælvɪdʒ|
Also 7 silvage.
[ad. med.L. salvāgium or a. OF. salvage, -aige (in sense 1), f. L. salvāre to save: see -age.]
1. A payment or compensation to which those persons are entitled who have by their voluntary efforts saved a ship or its cargo from impending peril or rescued it from actual loss; e.g. from shipwreck or from capture by the enemy (called respectively civil and military or hostile salvage).
1645in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iv. I. 186 Whether the Ambassadors had not cause to have acknowledged a kind and good respect in taking of Custom, or Silvage only, of that Ship. 1648–9Act Encouragem. Officers & Mariners §4 The Proprietor shall pay for salvage one moyety of the true value of such ship so retaken; which salvage..shall be divided and distributed proportionably to the Captain..and other Officers and Marriners. a1715Salkeld K.B. Rep. (1775) I. 393 And therefore they are ready to deliver the goods, if the plaintiff will pay them 4l. for salvage, &c. 1799Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) IV. 112 What..would satisfy the Captains, Officers and Men, for their renouncing all claim to the French property and all salvages. 1815Dodson Adm. Rep. I. 317 Whether civil salvage is to be given to the king's ship, in addition to the military salvage, to which she is entitled under the statute. 1901Scotsman 1 Mar. 9/2 The Admiralty court yesterday awarded..the Southampton tugs..a total salvage of {pstlg}10,372 for services rendered to the Antwerp steamship.
transf.1879G. Meredith Egoist xxx. (1889) 296 Mrs. Mountstuart told him he ought to pay salvage for saving the wreck of her party.
2. a. The action of saving a ship or its cargo from wreck, capture, etc. Phr. to make salvage of.
1713Act 13 Anne c. 21 §2 Three of the neighbouring Justices of the Peace..shall thereupon adjust the Quantum of the Monies or Gratuities to be paid to the several Persons acting or being imployed in the Salvage of the said Ship Vessel or Goods. 1851Dickens Our Eng. Watering-Place, Repr. Pieces (1868) 168 These men [boatmen] live chiefly on the salvage of valuable cargoes. 1857T. F. Knowles in Merc. Marine Mag. (1858) V. 57 In the salvage of the crew.., I have but done my duty. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. ii, The stranger..succeeded in making salvage of Tom's coat. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 238/1 Salvage of life is rewarded at a higher rate than salvage of property.
b. gen. The saving of property from fire or other danger. (Cf. salvage corps in 4.) Also fig.
1878Hale Mrs. Merriam's Scholars xxiii. 236 (Funk) They had no thought of using these minutes for any salvage of their little personal effects in the school-room. 1902Daily Chron. 1 July 4/3 The happy turn taken by the King's illness..is enabling some salvage to be made from the Coronation arrangements.
c. In wartime, esp. the war of 1939–45: the saving and collection of waste material, esp. paper, for recycling; also transf., those who organized and carried out this collection.
1918Times 2 Mar. 3/5 A National Salvage Council has been set up with the approval of the War Cabinet to deal with the problems of civil salvage and the recovery of waste products generally. 1942Oxford Mag. 29 Jan. 147/1 Next week sees the end of the great drive for salvage of waste paper. 1943Punch 20 Jan. 51/3 Careless of salvage we tore wildly at the wrapper and turned eagerly to the last page. 1944M. Laski Love on Supertax i. 13 A large pile of empty bottles bore witness to the family's constant failure to remember which day the salvage called. 1946R. Lehmann Gipsy's Baby 118 Found last week in turning out old papers for salvage. 1961E. S. Turner Phoney War xx. 291 Some notable gestures were made that summer [in 1943] by persons whose idea of sacrifice was not fulfilled by lending money to the State at interest or putting out old love-letters for salvage.
3. a. Property salved or saved.
1755N. Magens Insurances I. 356 The trouble of Hinsch and Labée, who had been aboard the Ship, having chartered the same and took great Care of the Salvage. 1787Park Mar. Insurances 130 The question upon this case was, whether as the freight exceeded the salvage, this was not to be considered as a total loss. 1883Sir W. B. Brett in Law Times Rep. XLIX. 226/2 Whatever is recovered or preserved by the solicitor's exertions is to be treated as a salvage. 1893Scotsman 28 June 7 Directly after the vessel disappeared beneath the water the boilers exploded with a loud report, throwing up a quantity of salvage.
b. transf. and fig.
1857J. Hamilton Less. Gt. Biog. (1859) 106 The Sabbath..still survives, a small but precious salvage from the world's great shipwreck. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. (1871) II. 38 The broad eaves of the houses, too, make a salvage of shade, almost always. 1881Mallock Rom. 19th Cent. i. ii, I still retain a certain salvage of wisdom.
c. Waste material, esp. paper, suitable for recycling. (Cf. sense 2 c above.)
1939Times 11 Nov. 8/4 The salvage department will collect and organize the use of salvage. 1942Times Lit. Suppl. 9 May 229/2 Recently,..a perfect copy of Von Gerning's ‘Tour Along the Rhine’, with colour plates by Ackermann, was sent to his firm as salvage, together with other fine volumes. 1943G. Winn in S. Briggs Keep smiling Through (1975) 187 Queen Mary.., whenever she sees salvage lying around unclaimed—bones, bottles, scrap iron—Her Majesty stops the car, has it picked up, and taken home in triumph to the village dump. 1945‘R. Crompton’ William & Brains Trust xi. 204 We'll say we're collectin' salvage if anyone comes. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 237/2 The local Councils in many districts still undertake the collection of salvage. 1959Chambers's Encycl. XII. 176/1 Industrial salvage arises in some form at nearly all factories. Apart from waste paper and canteen scraps, there are textile and chemical wastes, used oils, metal scrap, sawdust [etc.]. 1978Cadogan & Craig Women & Children First x. 213 Older children could help the war effort; they..collected salvage, joined fire-watching rotas.
4. Comb. salvage brigade, salvage campaign, salvage collector, salvage-drive, salvage-dump, salvage man, salvage operation, salvage sack; salvage-minded adj.; salvage archæology, excavation = rescue archæology, excavation s.v. rescue n. 3 c; salvage charge, loss (see quots.); salvage corps, a body of men kept in some towns to save property from fire; a fire brigade; salvage money = sense 1 above.
1967G. H. Grosso Cave Life on Palouse in Encycl. Sci. Suppl. (Grolier) 30 ‘*Salvage archaeology’ became a way of life for anthropologists in Washington after Grand Coulee Dam created Roosevelt Lake more than 20 years ago. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 199/1 If the Canada Council spent 90 per cent of its funds on salvage archaeology in California, for example, defenders would be very hard to find.
1890W. Booth In Darkest England ii. ii. 115, I propose to establish in every large town..‘A Household *Salvage Brigade’,..entrusted with the task of collecting the waste of the houses in their circuit. 1942P. Jephcott Girls growing Up iii. 47 Ordinary time-table lessons are suplemented by..*salvage campaigns. 1813*Salvage charge [see salvage loss below].
1941‘R. Crompton’ William does his Bit vii. 165 (heading) William—the *Salvage Collector. 1975S. Briggs Keep smiling Through 187 The salvage collector assured her that the letters would not be read, but suggested that she could tear them into small pieces.
1866C. F. T. Young Fires 417 The following is a scheme for the formation of a *salvage corps.
1942Ann. Reg. 1941 335 Such special occasions as a War Weapons Week or a *Salvage Drive. 1952R. A. Knox Hidden Stream p. vii, My store of back-numbers is full to bursting again, and calls for a fresh salvage-drive.
1943Punch 14 Apr. 321/1 Since picking out of the *salvage-dump a book entitled Half-Hours with the Stars, my father, a municipal dustman, has become keen on astronomy. 1972Even. Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 29 June 14/3 Provision for the preservation or *salvage-excavation of archaeological and historical sites.
1813R. Stevens Ess. Average i. ii. (1835) 79 The charges incurred are called ‘salvage charges’—the property saved is ‘the salvage’,—and the difference between the amount of the salvage (after deducting the charges) and the original cost, or value of the property, is called ‘the *salvage loss’. 1866Arnould's Marine Insur. (ed. 3) II. iii. v. 838 The claim must be adjusted as a salvage loss—that is, the underwriter pays the difference between the prime cost, or insured value of the goods, and the net proceeds of the damaged sales.
a1945in S. Briggs Keep smiling Through (1975) 187 The war is driving Hitler back But here's one way to win it: Just give your *salvage men the sack And see there's plenty in it.
1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 23 (caption), I want all you hut orderlies to get *salvage-minded and stay salvage-minded.
1661Blount Glossogr. (ed. 2), *Salvage Money, is a recompence, allowed by the Civil Law, in lieu of all damages sustained by that ship that rescues another ship, which was set upon by Pirates or Enemies. 1689in Magens Insurances (1755) II. 473 The Recompence which shall be made to the Captain and Mariners of a Man of War, who retake a Ship or Vessel,..shall be paid out of the Salvage-Money.
1919‘Saki’ Fate in Toys of Peace 200 The billiard table..was not the best place to have chosen for the scene of *salvage operations. 1975Globe & Mail (Toronto) 4 June 2/2 Even filet mignon and Spencer steaks from Mr. Dumais' meat salvage operation went into hamburger.
1942Times Lit. Suppl. 9 May 229/2 Before dropping books into the *salvage sack, owners have been urged..to consult the nearest public or university librarian or literary friend.
▪ II. salvage, v.|ˈsælvɪdʒ|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To make salvage of; to save or salve from shipwreck, fire, etc. Also fig.
1889Times 25 Nov. 6/5 A gang of men were at once set to work to salvage and remove the remainder of the grain. 1895Pall Mall G. 3 July 2/2 Mr. Balfour, nevertheless, will endeavour to salvage enough Bills to reclaim the Session from absolute barrenness. 1903Blackw. Mag. June 842 The records were salvaged with little loss.
2. U.S. and Austral. To take (esp. euphem. by misappropriation) and make use of (unemployed or unattended property).
1918Stars & Stripes 8 Feb. 2 Salvage, to rescue unused property and make use of it. 1919S. Prentice Padre xv. 266 When he came out five minutes later it was gone; someone had ‘salvaged’ it again. 1919K. D. Morse Let. 1 Jan. (1920) vi. 206 The boys were setting off pyrotechnics of all sorts ‘salvaged’ from the dump. 1920Riggs & Platt Hist. Battery F 15 We manœuvered around and got a loaf of bread and anything else we could ‘salvage’ before the M.P.'s were put guarding it. 1928J. B. Wharton Squad i. 40 If you two'll collect up all the canteens, we'll go off an' see what we can salvage. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 63 Salvage, to: to steal, purloin.
3. To save and collect (waste material, esp. paper) for recycling.
1943Ann. Reg. 1942 313 The great national campaign to salvage paper for re-pulping resulted in..the destruction of many..irreplaceable volumes.
Hence ˈsalvaged ppl. a., ˈsalvaging vbl. n.
c1920J. F. McGrath War Diary 171 Salvaged rabbits, chicken, beer, and wine to add to the rations. 1951Manch. Guardian 20 Apr. 6/7 His salvaging rather from the morgue of the Rules Committee of the Marshall Plan. 1969R. Emerson Judging Delinquents x. 275 Hard-core, discredited delinquents most in need of salvaging.
▪ III. salvage
obs. form of savage.
▪ IV. salvage, salvagee
see selvage, -ee. |