| 释义 |
salting, vbl. n.|ˈsɒltɪŋ, -ɔː-|
[f. salt v.1 + -ing1.]
1. The curing of fish, meat, etc., with salt.
a1300Cursor M. 26751 Þai sal yow vp on balkes lift Als suine þat ar to salting tift. 1494Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 23 The same Herring..should be of one Time taking and salting. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Salsura... The salting of porke or baken. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 45 New fresh flesh, for good and durable salting. 1620Venner Via Recta iv. 82 Fish of long salting..is vnwholsome. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 354/2 Fish can be the more readily cured dry after having been exposed to this preliminary salting.
fig.a1536Tindale Expos. Matt. v. Wks. (1573) 196/2 True preachyng is a salting that stirreth vp persecution, and an office that no man is mete for, saue he that is seasoned hymselfe.
2. a. In various technical, colloquial, and slang uses (see the vb.).
1570Lamb. MS. 807 in Brit. Mag. (1847) XXXII. 366 My lord edward zou[ch]..hys matriculation ijs{ddd}hys saltyng iiijs. [In a later account spelt also ‘psalting’.] 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. Ded. ⁋iv b, Having once knowen the price of an admission, Salting, and Matriculation, with the intertayning of Freshmenne in the Rhetorike schooles. a1644Twyne in MS. Twyne xxi. 753 (Bodl.), The saltinge of fresh men which hath beene antiently and is yet at Oxford vsed at their first comminge, was perhaps borrowed or continued from this custome at Athens [see Gregory Naz. Orat. Fun. Basilii Magni xvi]. 1693J. Byrom Let. to Aubrey in Lett. from Bodl. (1813) II. i. 167 'Twas..said, that the college [at Eton] held some lands by the custome of salting. 1748Brownrigg Art of Making Salt 69 When violent fires are used towards the end of the process, whilst the salt is forming, which they call the time of salting. 1856Santa Barbara (Calif.) Gaz. 21 Feb. 2/5 The best yield I have seen is eighteen cents to the pan, and this was without any ‘salting’. 1869‘Mark Twain’ Lett. (1917) I. 164 When it was discovered that those lumps were melted half dollars and hardly melted at that, a painful case of ‘salting’ was apparent. 1887Athenæum 31 Dec. 886/2 The traffic in stolen and spurious diamonds, and the nefarious practice known as ‘salting’. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 376 Any..change in the number of grains to the ounce of salting in an emulsion or in a developer. 1949Sun (Baltimore) 31 Oct. 3/4 Farrell and others pointed out that ‘salting’..along nine miles of river shore would be pointless and profitless. 1951Times 13 Dec. 4/6, ―, works manager, of Malvern, Johannesburg, was found Guilty at the Rand criminal sessions to-day on two counts of falsitas in the ‘salting’ (fraudulent enrichment) of the basal and leader reef third deflection core samples of the Erdeel 5 mine. 1972Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 20 June 5/3 (heading) Cutler denies nickel salting.
b. Chem. salting in, salting out (cf. salt v.1 6 c).
1857Miller Elem. Chem. (1862) III. 332 Chloride of potassium cannot be substituted for chloride of sodium in salting out. 1905Jrnl. Physiol. XXXII. 329 The only method which, according to our present knowledge, leaves proteids absolutely unaltered is that of ‘salting out’. 1926R. Wright in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1203 The mutual lowering of solubility which takes place when an electrolyte and an organic substance are dissolved together in water..is the basis of the process of ‘salting out’ when an organic compound is driven out of aqueous solution by the addition of a salt. What may be termed ‘salting in’ is the reverse phenomenon, that is, a mutual increase in solubility of electrolyte and organic compound when added to the same solvent, which in this case is not pure water but aqueous alcohol. 1939Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 286/2 The ‘salting out’ effect of electrolytes on hydrophilic colloids is due to their dehydrating action as well as to their power of neutralising the charge. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. ii. 183 Salting out of charged silt particles by water of compensation currents. 1970A. L. Lehninger Biochem. vii. 133 Salts containing divalent ions..are far more effective at salting-in than salts such as NaCl, NH4Cl, and KCl.
3. Chiefly pl. Salt lands; in some parts spec., lands regularly covered by the tide, as distinguished from salt-marshes. local.
1712Derham in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 483 These Lands they call Saltings, when covered with Grass. 1788Trans. Soc. Arts VI. 59 The land in front of my sea-wall to the southward (called saltings, from the sea overflowing it except at low water). 1825Sporting Mag. XV. 309 Two extraordinary large eels were taken..upon the saltings at Steeple, in Dengie Hundred, Essex. 1855Fraser's Mag. LI. 267 Here ran a broad bulwark bank, keeping the saltings and marshes distinct. 1901Spectator 17 Aug. 215/2 The marsh..is dotted with white-fleeced sheep and white-faced bullocks grazing on the saltings. 1903Kipling Five Nations 25 At the bridge of the lower saltings the cattle gather and blare.
4. attrib., as (sense 1) salting beef, salting-house, salting kit (kit n.1), salting-pan, salting-press, salting-room, salting-shed, salting-trough, salting-tub; (Photogr.: see salt v. 7 a) salting bath, salting solution; (sense 3) salting-mound; salting-box, point (see quots.); salting-place, (a) a place where cattle resort to lick salt; (b) ? nonce-use, the place where a stream joins the sea.
1856T. F. Hardwich Photogr. Chem. (ed. 3) 122 The Strength of the *Salting Bath.
1778Learning at a Loss I. 135 What Piece of *salting Beef should be ordered from the Butcher.
1802C. James Milit. Dict., *Salting-boxes,..are boxes..for holding mealed powder, to sprinkle the fuzes of shells, that they may take fire from the blast of the powder in the chamber;..these boxes are now laid aside.
1682Warburton Hist. Guernsey (1822) 110 The fisher men..were obliged to bring in all the congress they took..to the kings *salting house. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 1021 After the cheeses have been properly salted..they are carried from the salting-house to the cheese-room. 1855J. R. Leifchild Cornwall Mines 19 Inside the salting-house, companies of chattering and screaming females are building up pilchards to heights of four and five feet.
1719Will of John Hirst, A *salting kitt.
1908Essex Rev. XVII. 33 The mysterious *salting-mounds known as ‘Redhills’ on the marshes of the Essex coasts.
1816Jane Austen Emma II. iii. 43 My mother was so afraid that we had not any *salting-pan large enough. 1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 214 A large, common, glazed salting-pan.
1842Mrs. Kirkland Forest Life I. 180 In vain..do we employ every ingenious artifice of temptation—supplying our ‘*salting-place’ with the great delicacy of the grazing people. 1865W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 163, I could hear not only the waves, but the millstream tripping down to its salting-place.
1884A. Watt Soap-Making xxvi. 219 After settling, he adds a solution of alum, chloride of lime, or crude pyroligneous acid, stirring thoroughly. If preferred, he evaporates to nearly ‘*salting point’ before adding any of the substances mentioned above.
c1830Glouc. Farm Rep. 24 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, When the cheeses are taken from the *salting-presses, they are put on the shelf in the dairy for a day or two.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 59 The *salting-room should be laid with flags. 1889W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin 82 Times from the *saltin' shed..I scarce could drag my feet. 1961N. Froud et al. tr. Montagné's Larousse Gastronomique 493/2 The fish is transported from the boat to the salting sheds.
1892Photogr. Ann. II. 205 Certain modifications of the *salting solution.
1842J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 239 A *salting trough which has a gutter round its edges, to drain away the brine.
1556Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 92 In the larder housse iij *sowlting tobbes. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 254 A cellar where salted meat had been kept for a great length of time in a salting-tub. 1818Scott Rob Roy xxviii, A turf back and a salting tub, which stood on either side of the narrow exterior passage. |