| 释义 |
▪ I. bid, v.|bɪd|
Pa. tense bad, bade, (bæd), bid. Pa. pple. bidden, bid. Here there are combined two originally distinct verbs; viz.
I. béodan; beden, bede. Forms: 1 béodan, 2–3 beoden, 3–5 beden, 3–6 bede, 4–5 beede, 7 dial. bede. pa. tense sing. 1 béad, 2–3 bead, 2–4 bed, 3–4 bedd, 4–5 bede; also 3–6 bod, 4–6 bode. pl. 1 budon, 2–3 buden; also 3–4 bedde(n, 4 bede, beode, 5 beede; also 3–4 boden, 5–6 bode. pa. pple. 1–6 boden, 4 -in, -un, 4–5 -yn, bode, 5 bodden, -yn, 6 bouden, bod, 9 dial. bodden, Sc. budden.
II. biddan; bidden, bidde; bid. Forms: 1 biddan, 2–5 bidden, (2–3 biden, 3 bedden), 3–6 bidde, 4–6 bydde, (4 bedde, bide), 4–5 bidd, 4–6 byd, (5 byde), 4– bid. pa. tense sing. 1 bæd, 2–9 bad, 3–5 badd, 4 baad, 4–6 badde, (6 Sc. bald), 4– bade; also 3–6 bed, 4 bedd, 5 bede, Sc. baide; also 6 bidde, bydd, 7–9 bid. pl. 1 bǽdon, 2–3 beden, 3–5 bede; also 3 badden, 4–5 baden, 4–9 bad, bade; also 6–9 bid. pa. pple. 1–5 beden, 3–5 -in, -yn, (y)bede, 4–5 bedun, 4 bedd; 3– bidden, (4 -in, 5 bed, byden, 6 bad), 7–9 bid.
[I. OE. béodan, béad, budon, boden, = OS. biodan (MDu. and Du. bieden), OHG. biotan (MHG. and mod.G. bieten), ON. bioða, Goth. biudan (pa. tense bauþ, budum, pple. budans):—OTeut. *beudan ‘to stretch out, reach out, offer, present,’ hence ‘to communicate, inform, announce, proclaim, command’; pre-Teutonic *bheudh-, cogn. with Skr. budh to present, and perh. with Gr. πυθ- (for ϕυθ-) in πυθέσθαι ‘to inform oneself.’ From the pa. pple. boden was derived the n. boda messenger, whence the vb. bodian to bode, announce. The normal ME. forms were bēde(n, pa. tense bead, bēd, beed, pl. buden, pa. pple. boden. But by form-levelling, the pa. tense had also pl. bēden, bēd(e from the sing.; and later also bod(e, by assimilation to the pa. pple.
II. OE. biddan, bæd, bǽdum, beden, = OS. biddian (MDu. and Du. bidden), OHG. and mod.G. bitten, ON. biðja, Goth. bidjan (pa. tense baþ, bêdum, pple. bidans):—OTeut. *bidjan, assigned to a pre-Teutonic *bhedh- ‘to press’ (cf. Skr. bâdhate to press), whence the senses ‘to ask pressingly, beg, pray, require, demand, command.’ (Osthoff would connect bidjan with Gr. πείθω.) The normal ME. forms were bidde(n, pa. tense bad, pl. beaden, bede(n, pa. pple. beden. By form-levelling the pa. tense had also occasionally sing. bead, bēd, beed, and at length pl. baden, bade, bad; and the pa. pple. became bidden, whence also a later pa. tense bid.
III. Thus the sense ‘command’ had been developed in both verbs already in OE. The past tenses were further confused in form in ME. The result was the frequent substitution of the forms of one verb for the other, in other senses also, and their total confusion after 1400–1500. As a whole, the forms of biddan, bid are those which survive in literary Eng., but in the dialects these are quite mixed, in such conjugations as bid, bad or bod, bodden or budden. Senses survive from both verbs, though mostly archaic, or in certain unanalysed phrases, as to ‘bid farewell,’ ‘bid a truce,’ ‘bid fair’; the chief modern use is that of ‘bid at an auction,’ ‘bid for votes or support,’ which belongs to bede. The senses of ‘invite’ and ‘order’ are in every-day use in the north, but archaic in southern speech, where ‘bid him do it’ is regularly made ‘tell him to do it.’ Particular forms of the pa. tense and pa. pple. are preferred with particular senses.]
I. Senses originating from OE. béodan, ME. bede, (but taking eventually the form bid).
The bede quotations are marked α, the bid quotations β.
* To offer, present.
†1.
a. trans. To offer. Obs. in the general sense.
αa1000Cædmon's Gen. (Gr.) 2435 Hafa árna þanc ðara, ðe ðu unc bude. c1000ælfric Deut. xx. 10 Beod him ærest sibbe. a1225Ancr. R. 156 Heo wule..aȝein þe smitare beoden uorð hire cheoken. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 201 Þu beodest þin elning al wið-ute bone. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1069 Loth hem bead is doȝtres two. a1300Cursor M. 12360 Leons..bede til him þus þair seruise. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 304 Thilk honour that ye me bede. c1440York Myst. ix. 170 Som bote us bede.
βc1250Gen. & Ex. 2653 He bad ðis child brennen to colen. c1430How Gd. Wijf tauȝte D. 32 in Babees Bk. (1868) 39 If ony man biddiþ þe worschip, and wolde wedde þee. c1435Torr. Portugal 794 A knyghtes dowghttyr wase hym bed.
†b. intr. with dat. inf. Obs.
αa1225Ancr. R. 390 He..bead for to makien hire cwene of al þet he ouhte.
†c. spec. (trans.) To offer (treatment); intr. to offer to act. Obs. With dat. of person.
αc1175Lamb. Hom. 13 Þet uuilc mon scal beoden oðre alswa he wile þet me him beode. 1314Chart. in Arnold Chron., I nyl suffer, yt ony man you any wrongis beed.
2. a. trans. † to bid (any one) battle, arms: to offer battle to, challenge to fight. Obs. to bid defiance (still in use). (With pa. tense bade, pple. bidden.)
αa1300Cursor M. 7472 Ilk dai he come..and batail bede [v.r. bed, bedd] wiþ sli[k] manace. c1330K. of Tars 1018 Uppon the soudan thei beode bataile. c1450Lonelich Grail xlvi. 517 Aȝens the miscreantz bataille to bede.
β1570Marr. Wit. & Sc. iv. i. in Hazl. Dodsl. II. 364 When you feel yourself well able to prevail, Bid you the battle. 1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. ii. ii, An hundred Kings..will bid him arms. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xlv. 371 Edmund..two dayes after at Brentford bad them battaile. 1626Massinger Rom. Act. iv. i, We, undaunted yet..bid defiance To them and fate. 1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxvi. (1840) 98 Whom he bade battle, and got the day. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 15 That spirit which had bidden defiance to..the House of Valois.
†b. ellipt. To challenge, defy. Obs.
α1375Barbour Bruce vii. 103, I trow he suld be hard to sla, And he war bodyn all evynly.
†c. to bid the base: to challenge to a run at prisoners' base; hence fig. Obs. See base n.2
β1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. ii. 98 Indeede I bid the base for Protheus.
3. a. trans. To offer (a certain price) for, to offer as a price one is prepared to give for. (Sometimes with dative obj. of person: ‘you bid me too little.’)
¶ In this sense the pa. tense and pa. pple. are now bid; Scotch writers retain the past, bad, bade, used by Dr. Johnson.
αc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 Þe sullere loueð his þing dere..Þe beȝer bet litel þar fore. 1297R. Glouc. 378 He sette hys londes to ferme wel vaste Wo so mest bode vore.
βc1470Henry Wallace ii. 38 For a strak he bad hym grottis thre. 1530Palsgr. 454/2 You bydd me money and fayre wordes. 1602Shakes. Ham. ii. ii. 372 There was..no mony bid for argument. a1704T. Brown Two Oxf. Scholars Wks. 1730 I. 9 If I..farm out my Tythes, my Parishioners will bid me half the worth of them. 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 161 ⁋10 [They] bade her half the price she asked. 1832H. Martineau Each & All iii. 37 Starving thousands..bid their labour against one another for bread. Mod. Who bids five shillings for this lot?
b. intr. (ellipt.) To offer (any one) a price, to make an offer (for a thing), as ‘to bid at an auction.’ to bid against (a person): to compete with (him) in offers. Often fig. as in ‘to bid for the Irish vote.’ Also with indirect pass., to be bid for; and with complemental object, to bid (a thing) up: to raise its price by successive bids.
β1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. vii. 71, I bid for you, as I do buy. 1776Adam Smith W.N. I. 90 Masters bid against one another in order to get workmen. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. v. iii, I stood a chance of..being knocked down without being bid for. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 669 The intolerant king and the intolerant church were eagerly bidding against each other for the support of the party. 1851J. M. Wilson Tales Border XX. 256 Some other individuals bade, and the bodes had arrived at {pstlg}14,000. 1864Burton Scot Abr. ii. 264 They bade them up until they reached 10,000 livres.
c. Card-playing. (a) intr. To make a bid (see bid n. 2). (b) trans. To make a bid of or in (a number of tricks, a specified suit, etc.). Cf. declare v. 11 c.
1880‘Trumps’ American Hoyle 229 When the eldest hand makes a bid of five or more tricks, and another player bids the same number of tricks, the eldest hand may bid over him, or abandon his bid. 1897R. F. Foster Complete Hoyle 270 If a player proposes to win all five tricks he bids nap, which is the highest bid possible. 1908L. Hoffmann Five Hundred 14 A player who has once ‘passed’ cannot again bid. 1910Encycl. Brit. IX. 878/1 Bid Euchre... Each player ‘bids’, i.e. declares and makes a certain number of tricks. 1929[see biddable a. 2]. 1933C. Vandyck Contract Contracted i. 15 If there have been two no-bids before your turn to bid, you should [etc.]. Ibid. ii. 17 Always bid a suit in preference to No Trumps. 1958[see bidding vbl. n. 1 b].
4. intr. to bid fair: to offer with reasonable probability, to present a fair prospect, seem likely. Orig. with for and object; now also with inf. (With pa. tense bade, pa. pple. bidden.)
β1646S. Bolton Arraignm. Err. 360 Two things would bid fair for it, if not wholly accomplish this desired accommodation. 1738J. Keill Anim. Œcon. 24 The Bones of all the Parts..seem to bid the fairest for Solidity. 1786T. Jefferson Corr. (1830) 4 The present reign bids fair to be a long one. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) III. xiv. 334 The proposed expedition..bade fair to be successful.
** To announce, proclaim, threaten.
†5.
a. To proclaim, announce. Obs. exc. in one or two arch. phrases, as ‘to bid the saints' days’: see 1725. In bid the banns, it is doubtful whether the original sense was ‘proclaim,’ or ‘ask’ as in 7; the phrase seems to go back only to the 16th c., and thus exists only in the β form.
αa1000Guthlac (Gr.) 716 Geácas ᵹear budon. c1340Cursor M. 13363 (Fairf.), A bridale was þer bodin an. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. viii, [The stork] is messanger of spryngynge tyme, and in hire comynge sche bedeþ [1535 tokeneth, Lat. prædicat] nouelte of tyme. c1440Morte Arth. (Roxb.) 2 A turnement the kinge lett bede.
β1483Cath. Angl. 31 To byde halydayes, Indicere. 1599Bp. Hall Sat. iv. i. 124 Go bid the baines and point the bridall day. 1622Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer (1661) 150 Upon the Sundaies before these Fasts, the Priests..bid the solemn Fast. 1725Pope Odyss. xvii. 148 The herald..To bid the banquet interrupts their play. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. I. v. 67 This Custom of bidding the Passover on the Day of the Epiphany. 1603― Const. & Canons Ch. Eng. 64 Ministers solemnly to bid Holy-days.
†b. To proclaim, declare, threaten (war). Obs. Preserved in to bid a truce (in fig. sense).
α1330R. Brunne Chron. 49 Now is Eilred biried, þat mykelle wo beade [printed bade].
βc15901st Pt. Jeronimo in Dodsley (1780) III. 77, I bid you sudden wars. 1596Chapman Iliad i. 155, I was not injur'd so By any Trojan, that my powers should bid them any blows. 1805Southey Madoc in Azt. iii, At this late hour, When even I shall bid a truce to thought.
†6. To make known, indicate, declare. Obs.
αa1300Cursor M. 8026 (Gött.), Þat stede Þat him was bodin in his bede. c1430Syr Gener. 1160 The Quene..most nede To Generides hir folie bede.
II. Senses originating from OE. biddan, (afterwards occasionally expressed by forms from bede).
*** To ask pressingly.
7. To ask pressingly, beg, entreat, pray.
†a. trans. with acc. of person and genitive of thing; with dative of person and acc. of thing; passing into two objects. Obs.
c893K. ælfred Oros. vi. xxxiv. §4 Hi hiene bædon ryhtes ᵹeleafan and fulwihtes bæðes. 971Blickl. Hom. 21 Ne bidden we urne Drihten þyses lænan welan. a1000Andreas (Gr.) 353 Þá..Andreas ongann mereliðendum miltsa biddan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 13 Ȝe..helpes me biddað. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 A maiden bad te kinge his heued. c1305St. Edward in E.E.P. (1862) 106 Me ne scholde him noþing bidde.
b. To press, entreat, beg, ask, pray (a person). Const. for a thing, or inf., subord. clause, or obj. sentence; also simply, to pray to (God, saints, etc.).
c1000Ags. Gosp. John iv. 31 His leorning-cnihtas hine bædon [Rushw. bedon] and þus cwædon. c1175Lamb. Hom. 17 Bide hine luueliche þet he þe do riht. a1240Lofsong in Lamb. Hom. 207 Ich bide þe..bi þe þornene crununge. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2509 For godes luue ȝet bid ic ȝu..wið ȝu ben mine bones boren. 1297R. Glouc. 337 Icham Swythyn, wam þou byst. a1300E.E. Psalter cv[i]. 19 And a kalf in Oreb maked þai, And baden þe grave. c1300Beket 1085 And wepinge ech halewe bad: hir help forto beo. c1314Guy Warw. (MS. A.) 1628 Ich þe bidde, par charite Þat þou this bodi vnder-fo. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 826, I bidde god I neuere mot haue Ioye.
†c. To ask, beg (a thing); to ask, beg, or pray for. Const. simply, or of, from a person, etc. Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 21 Se blinda..bæd his eaᵹena leohtes. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xiv. 32 He sent ærynd-racan and bitt sibbe. Ibid. Matt. xx. 20 Sum þingc fram him biddende. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Forlet þine sunnes..and bide milce þerof. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3011 Moyses bad meðe here on. c1300Beket 1678 Thider ich wole wende And bidde mi mete for Godes love. c1330Roland & V. 534 Roland..Þo bad leue to fiȝt. c1340Cursor M. 19054 (Trin.) He bad of hem som gode. c1420Chron. Vilod. 65, To haue of God what yt he bedde. 1513Douglas æneis xi. xv. 55, I ask na trophe..Nothir byd I therof spulȝe nor renown. [1678Phillips App., To Bid a boon (old word), to ask a Boon.]
†d. intr. To beg, entreat, pray; to offer prayer. Const. simply, for a person or thing, subord. clause or with so, thus, etc. Obs.
971Blickl. Hom. 19 He..ᵹeornor bæd þæt Hælend him miltsade. c1175Lamb. Hom. 17 Bide for him duwamliche. Ibid. 167 He is wis þe beet and bit and bet bi-fore dome. a1225Ancr. R. 228 Ure Louerd sulf..techeð us to bidden, ‘Et ne nos inducas in tentationem.’ c1300Beket 423 We biddeth niȝt and dai For the. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vii. 68 He þat beggeth or bit but if he haue nede, He is fals. 1387Trevisa Higden (1865) I. 115 Criste went ynne ful ofte for to bidde and praye. c1400Prymer in Maskell Mon. Rit. II. 11 Preie for the peple: bidde for the clergie. 1458in Dom. Archit. III. 43 Now every good body that gothe on this brige, Bid for the barbour gentil Jeffray.
†e. trans. (with cognate obj.) To bid a bene, bone, bede, prayer, etc.: orig. to pray, or offer a prayer; later ‘to move the people to join in prayer,’ as in bidding prayer. arch.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 67 Hu maȝen heo bidden eni bene. c1305St. Christoph. 71 in E.E.P. (1862) 61 Þu most..to churche go: & þi beden bidde also. c1375Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 270 Men bidden to God þer preier. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 455 Stille he sitt, and biddeth his preyere. c1400Rom. Rose 7374 A peire of bedis eke she bere Upon a lace, alle of white threde, On which that she her bedes bede. c1420Avow. Arth. xiii, To Jhesu a bone he bede. 1535Coverdale Jer. vii. 16 Thou shalt nether geue thankes, nor byd prayer for them. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 108 Commaundid By his Curate his pater noster to bid. 1621Bolton Stat. Irel. 134 (Act 28 Hen. VIII), [They] shall bid the beades in the English tongue. 1764Gray in Mason Life (ed. 2) 381 And bidding his beads for the souls of his benefactors. [1859Jephson Brittany ii. 15, I observed persons ‘bidding their beads,’ or engaged in silent devotion.]
(α) Forms from OE. beoden. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3169 Quat-so he boden..Egipte folc hem lenen ðat. a1300Leg. Rood (1871) 22 Bede him þat ich deie mote. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 29 Þat he wild bede his bone, vntille þe Trinite. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ix. 96 Ȝif Dobest beede [v.r. bede, bidde] for [hem]. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 167 Bi louynge & bedynge as who wold selle a worldly þing. c1440Morte Arth. (Roxb.) 90 An holy man had boddyn that bone. 1691Ray N.C. Words, Bid, Bede, to pray.
8. To ask (any one) to come, to invite (to a feast, wedding, burial, etc.). arch. but common dial.
The double sense of bid is played on in Shirley's Wedding i. i, where Belface asks his servant Isaac whether he has invited the guests:—Isaac. I have commanded most o' them. Belf. How, sir? Isaac. I have bid them, sir.
a1225Ancr. R. 414 Ane beggare..þet bede men to feste. a1300Cursor M. 7250 Sampson was to þe bridal bedd. c1300K. Alis. 5823 Alisaundre, and his meygnee, Comen, and badden hem entree. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iii. 56 Al þe riche retynaunce..Were bede [v.r. beden, ibede, boden] to þat brudale. 1483Cath. Angl. 31/1 To byd to mete, Invitare. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 102 They vsed commonly to bidde their guestes a whole yeare before. 1580Baret Alv. B 644, I was bidde to an other place to dinner. 1611Bible, Zeph. i. 7 He hath bid his ghests. ― Luke xiv. 9 He that bade thee and him. 1632Brome North. Lasse i. i. I hope you'l see our Marriage. I sent indeed to bid you. a1810Tannahill Kebbuckston Wed., I'se warrant he's bidden the half of the parish. 1842Tennyson Sisters iii, I made a feast; I bad him come.
(α) Forms from OE. beoden. Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 159 We ben alle boden þider. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 54 Alle þe riche retenauns..were boden [v.r. bede, a-bede] to þe bridale. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 209/2 Gladder therof than he were boden to a feste. 1541Elyot Image Gov. 96 She bode the emperour unto a supper. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. de Invent. ii. vi. 45 b, He was boden to a banket. 1864Atkinson Whitby Gloss. s.v. Bid, I nivver was bodden.
9. In to bid welcome, bid adieu, bid farewell, bid good bye, bid good morning, the original notion was probably that of ‘pray,’ ‘invoke,’ or ‘wish devoutly’; the phrases are now used without analysis, ‘bid’ being little more than = ‘say, utter, express.’
a1300Cursor M. 15060 [Vr lauerd] biddes þe welcum hame. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle ii. lxv. (1859) 59, I bad hym adyeu. 1485Caxton St. Wenefryde 9 She toke leue of this holy man and bad hym fare well. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 1, I bidde her God day. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iv. 32 A brace of Dray-men bid God speed him well. 1632Milton L'Allegro 46 At my window bid good morrow. 1711Steele Spect. No. 27 ⁋4 He'll bid adieu to all the Vanity of Ambition. 1844Mem. Babylonian Pr'cess II. 311, I now..respectfully bid the British public farewell.
α1600Fairfax Tasso vii. xiii. 119, I bod the court farewell.
III. Senses originating independently from the two verbs. (Now referred in form to biddan.)
**** To command, enjoin.
10. To command, enjoin, order, tell with authority. (Still literary; also in every-day use in the north; but in the south colloquially expressed by tell, as ‘tell him to sit down,’ for ‘bid him sit down.’)
a. with personal obj. (sometimes absent), and clause with that, or object sentence.
α971Blickl. Hom. 15 Þa fore-ferendan him budon þæt he swiᵹade. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xxiv. (1495) 215 It is boden that they..sholde not slepe. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas (1608) 385 And then he bod..That daily once they all should march the round About the city.
βc1000ælfric Ex. xxxiii. 12 Ðu bitst me þæt ic læde ut tis folc. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 41 He..bit us..þat we shule þis notien. 1297R. Glouc. 29 Ich bidde þe Sey me al clene þin herte. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 2 He byddes..þat þay here and lere þise ilke sex thynges. c1460Towneley Myst. 50 Another [commandment] bydes thou shall not swere. a1520Myrr. Our Ladye 89 The same Pope ordeyned and badde that so yt shulde be done. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. i. 164 Obedience bids I should not bid agen.
b. with personal obj., and infin.
αc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Þis laȝe sette ure drihten bi þe patriarche abraham, and bed him holden hit. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3544 Aaron and vr..boden hem swilc ðhowtes leten. a1300K. Horn 504 Horn he dubbede to kniȝte..And bed him beon a god kniȝt. c1375Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 259 As God haþ bodyn hem to do. c1400Destr. Troy ii. 389 The Kyng..Bede his doughter come downe. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 57 He that wil holde his peas till he be boden speke is to be preysed. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. iv. Wks. 263/1 Who hath not bod them do wel. 1592Warner Alb. Eng. viii. xli. 199 He bod me buy thy loue.
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 109 Godes laȝe bit ec mon wurðie efre his feder and his moder. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 Þe king..bad binden him · and don him into prisune. a1300Cursor M. 3177 Þe angel..bade him..tak A scepe his sacrifice to mak. c1470Henry Wallace iv. 763 He..baide hyr haiff no dreide. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 40 The maister bald the marynalis lay the cabil to the cabilstok. 1581Marbeck Bk. Notes 91 Christ bidde the Church to baptise in the name of the Father, the Sonne and the holie Ghost. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. v. 83 Thou..bad'st me bury Loue. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 71 [He] bid them turn aside. 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 171 ⁋10 He..bad me cant and whine in another place. 1833H. Martineau Briery Cr. ii. 24 Bid them begone. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair vii, Having wakened her bedfellow, and bid her prepare for departure. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 73 The two Earls were..bidden to be diligent. 1876Green Short Hist. i. 3 Custom bade him blow his horn.
c. with the thing bidden as obj., with or without dative of person. (Formerly used also in sense of ‘to order’ goods, dinner, etc.)
αc1000Ags. Gosp. John xv. 17 Ðas þing ic eow beode; þæt ᵹe lufion eow ᵹemænelice. 1393Gower Conf. Prol. I. 12 When Criste him self hath bode pees. c1400Rom. Rose 2721 Whanne Love alle this hadde boden me.
β971Blickl. Hom. 39 Ne bæd he nó þæs forþon þe him æniᵹ þearf wære. a1300Cursor M. 12639 Þat þai comaund wald or bide..he dide. c1375Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 229 He is not dispensour of service þat God haþ beden. 1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 35 How might ye for shame pray the pope undo that the Holy Ghost bit. 1559Mirr. Mag., Worcester viii, Did execute what euer my king did byd. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 195 Hast thou, Spirit, Performd to point, the Tempest that I bad thee. 1632Massinger City Mad. iii. i, A chapman That in courtesy will bid a chop of mutton.
d. with personal obj. only; treated at length as the direct obj.
αc1430Life St. Katherine (1884) 19 Than Adrian baptized hir as our lady had bode hym. 1541Elyot Image Gov. (1556) 143 b, So philosophie beadeth you.
βa1300Cursor M. 5202 Quat art þou me beddes sua? 1375Barbour Bruce vi. 91 Thai did as he thame biddin had. 1483Cath. Angl. 31/1 To bydde, admonere. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings iv. 24 Do as I byd the. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. iii. 32 He will not stand when he is bidden. 1601― All's Well iv. ii. 53 Ile be bid by thee. 1647Sanderson Serm. II. 216 They that were about Him, though bidden and chidden too, could not hold from sleeping. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 529 Nobody..bad him.
e. with no object; often with so, as, and the like.
βa1000Beowulf 2467 Druncne dryht-guman dóð swa ic bidde. a1300Cursor M. 387 He baad, and it was don. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2069 Haf God in mynde..Als þe prophet biddes.
†11. To bid not to do, to forbid, interdict, ban.
α, βc1400Apol. Loll. 31 As þe olde Testament to þe redars, so is bedun to dekunnis to prech þe newe. Ibid. 45 Till þu lefe þis þat þu art bodun bi þo bidding of Crist, what þing þat þu werkyst is vnþankful to þe Holi Goost. 1622Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1673) 104/2 And by so doing did bid entrance unto the rest, till it were removed.
▪ II. † bid, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Also bidde.
[A variant of bud, behod, behoved. Still in mod.Sc. as a present tense.)]
= Must (by moral obligation, logical or natural necessity).
a1300Havelok 1733 Of the mete for to telle, Ne of the metes bidde I nout dwelle; That is the storie for to lenge. [Mod. Sc. (Roxb.), ‘The man bid be a fuil to gang on that way.’ ‘It's a bid-be,’ i.e. a must-be, a natural necessity.]
▪ III. bid, n.|bɪd|
[f. bid v.1 3.]
1. a. The offer of a price, the amount offered; spec. at an auction.
1788T. Jefferson Corr. (1830) 342 He..thought to obtain a high bid by saying he was called for in America. 1837Penny Mag. 1 Apr. 124 The salesman rapidly naming a lower price until he gets a bid. 1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom xii. 101 Half-a-dozen bids simultaneously met the ear of the auctioneer.
fig.1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. lxxvii. 31 This time it will be a ‘bid’ between two opposite political parties.
b. Phr. to make a bid for: to make an attempt to secure; to ‘have a try’ at getting. Hence the simple n. is freq. used, esp. in journalese, for: an attempt to win or secure something.
1885Century Mag. Dec. 179/2 He was a little ashamed of making such a bare-faced bid for her sympathy. 1893Cassell's Fam. Mag. Apr. 357/2 The Colonel makes a good bid for the hole with the odd, and lies by the rim. 1895Geogr. Jrnl. May 415 To make a bid himself for the throne. 1935Punch 21 Aug. 204/2 ‘Britain's Bid for War-Plane Supremacy.’—Daily Mirror... ‘Campbell's Bid for Record.’ All the Papers. 1942Sunday Express 14 June 1/6 Here they [sc. the German army] are now making a determined bid to move on Acroma.
2. Card-playing. The statement of an undertaking which a player makes; spec. in Bridge, an announcement of the number of tricks in a specified suit or ‘no-trumps’ by which a player proposes to beat his opponents. Cf. contract n.1 1 g, declaration 8 b, and see approach n. 12.
1880,1897[see bid v. 3 c]. 1908L. Hoffmann Five Hundred 14 A player who has been over-bidden is entitled to make a further bid. 1913W. Dalton Royal Auction Bridge ii. 48 You should never make a bid unless you are prepared to play the hand with that suit as trumps. 1928[see score n. 22]. |