| 释义 |
Réaumur|reomyr|
[See def.]
The name of a French physicist, René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757): a. used ellipt. to denote the thermometer or thermometric scale introduced by him about 1730, in which the freezing point of water is 0° and the boiling point 80°.
In English works the accent on the e is usually omitted.
1782Jefferson Notes on Virginia (1787) 132 In rooms heated to 140° of Reaumur, equal to 347° of Farenheit. 1799Malthus Jrnl. 30 May (1966) 39 In the summer of 1793 the therm was 25 Reaumur. 1814tr. Klaproth's Trav. 271 The water..commonly has a temperature of more than 55° Reaumur. 1832S. Austin tr. H. Pückler-Muskau's Tour in Germany, Holland & England III. 196 The room..is regularly heated to a temperature of fourteen degrees Reaumur. 1855Englishwoman in Russia 5 There were but 18° of Reaumur; the sky was beautifully blue. 1950‘G. Orwell’ Shooting Elephant 18, I had been unequal to translating Réaumur into Fahrenheit, but I know that my temperature was round about 103.
b. Used in the possessive and attrib. to designate various processes, materials, and concepts developed by him, as Réaumur malleable iron, a name for white-heart malleable cast iron; Réaumur's porcelain, a devitrified form of glass produced by prolonged exposure to heat near but below the fusion temperature, formerly used for chemical vessels; Réaumur process, a process for annealing iron leading to the production of white-heart malleable iron, first published by Réaumur in 1722; Réaumur('s) scale, his temperature scale.
1912W. H. Hatfield Cast Iron xiii. 195 Sample J..was a..sample of English Réaumur malleable cast iron. It consisted mainly of well-laminated pearlite, in which was immersed the remaining annealing carbon, with a skin of well-developed ferrite.
1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Glass xvi. 317 M. Reaumur,..in..1739, communicated the result of these to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris. The subject becoming by this means more generally known, glass, when thus converted, obtained, and has since kept the name, of Reaumur's porcelain, a designation which it owes to its appearance rather than to its real properties. Ibid. 325 Glass has been converted into Reaumur's porcelain during volcanic eruptions, by being enveloped in burning lava. 1868C. L. Eastlake Hints Househ. Taste x. 219 In the production of what is called Réaumur's porcelain, the formation of crystals may be determined by the application of heat lower than that necessary to effect the perfect fusion of the glass. 1918P. Marson Glass iii. 17 ‘Réaumur's Porcelain’ is a glass in a devitrified state, and is used for pestles and mortars, devitrified glass being less brittle than ordinary glass and similar to vitrified porcelain.
1911B. Stoughton Metall. of Iron & Steel (ed. 2) xiii. 356 In the original Réaumur process the castings are packed in iron oxide during the anneal, and this operation is carried on at a temperature of about 800 to 875°C..for a period of four or five days. 1949J. E. Garside Process & Physical Metall. xxi. 374 Malleable cast-irons are made by two methods—..(2) The Whiteheart process, also known as the European or Réaumur process.
1795W. Nicholson Dict. Chem. II. 935 In Reaumur's scale, the number of degrees between these two points is 80. 1863E. Atkinson tr. Ganot's Elementary Treatise on Physics vi. i. 194 Besides the centigrade scale two others are frequently used—Fahrenheit's scale and Réaumur's scale. 1958S. Petterssen Introd. Meteorol. (ed. 2) ii. 20 The Reaumur scale was much used in Central Europe until the beginning of this century but has since gone out of use. |