| 释义 |
rusticate, v.|ˈrʌstɪkeɪt|
[f. L. rusticāt-, ppl. stem of rusticārī to live in the country, etc., f. rustic-us rustic a. Cf. F. rustiquer.]
1. intr. To go or retire into the country; to stay or sojourn in the country; to assume rural manners, to live a country life.
1660Gauden Brownrig 159 To rusticate (as Elisha some⁓times did) among plain people that follow the Plough. 1698Fryer E. India & Persia 259 In the Afternoon..we went to Mirge,..to an old lonely Inn, where was the last place we rusticated. 1789Triumphs Fortitude I. 22 Wherever those of the fashionable world assemble, in spite of all they can do to rusticate, Art will generally appear to prevail over Nature. 1804Something Odd II. 163 Sir Christopher..thought it his duty to attend the House for the present rather than rusticate. 1838Lytton Alice i. ix, Lady Elizabeth is not going there this year; so I am compelled to rusticate. 1886C. Keene in Life (1892) 358, I..heard..that you were going to rusticate on some riverside.
transf.1829Marryat F. Mildmay ii, Murphy was dismissed in disgrace, and ordered to rusticate on board till his eye was bright.
2. trans.
a. To dismiss or ‘send down’ from a university for a specified time, as a punishment.
1714Spect. No. 596 ⁋3, I was sent away, or in the University Phrase, Rusticated for ever. 1734in Peirce Hist. Harvard Univ. (1833) App. 140 If..it be denied him, such Undergraduate shall be degraded, rusticated, or expelled. 1766T. Clap Hist. Yale College 86 If they do persist, and are guilty of some greater Crime, they are publickly admonished or rusticated, for some Months. 1825C. Westmacott English Spy I. 171 Rattle was rusticated for a term. 1858Trollope Dr. Thorne ii, This son had been first rusticated from Oxford and then expelled. 1868H. Lee B. Godfrey xxxi, I was rusticated for..painting the college pump scarlet.
b. To remove or send (one) into, settle (one) in, the country. Also refl.
1733Cheyne Eng. Malady i. vi. §6 Seldom any lasting..Cure is perform'd till the Diseased be rusticated and purified. 1749Fielding Tom Jones i. x, From which time he had entirely rusticated himself.
3. To imbue with rural manners; to countrify.
a1766Mrs. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph IV. 157 The poor creatures are absolutely rusticated. 1794M. Wollstonecraft Hist. View Fr. Rev. I. 503 They did not inhabit the homely recesses of indigence, rusticating their manners as they cultivated their understandings. 1824Examiner 170/2 Our thoughts, environed by the rural objects of the picture, are happily rusticated in the mimic country.
4. To mark masonry by sunk joints or roughened surfaces. Also rarely absol.
1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 10 Brick-walls ought not to be rusticated. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 319/1 A ground story, rusticated and terminated by an enriched lace band or string course. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxvi. §6 Do not think that Nature rusticates her foundations... She does rusticate sometimes. 1901J. Black's Carp. & Build. 56 The concrete forming the steps is rusticated with shells and pebbles, &c., on the fronts, and clean coarse gravel on the top faces or treads.
Hence ˈrusticating vbl. n. and ppl. a. Also ˈrusticater, one who is rusticating.
1801W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XII. 579 A rustic and rusticating fashion for farmery. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Builder 311 Rusticating, in architecture and masonry, consists in forming horizontal sinkings, or grooves. 1834De Quincey Autobiogr. Sk. Wks. 1853 I. 101 At these rusticating seasons, he had often much further to come than ourselves. 1878Tinsley's Mag. XXIII. 112 A ‘rusticater’ (please excuse the noun) Exploring leisurely a spot in Surrey. |