| 释义 |
rivelled, a.|ˈrɪv(ə)ld|
Forms: α. 1 rifelede, 4 riuelede, 4, 6–7 riueled (5 rieu-), 4, 6– riveled (5 -id), 6– rivelled, 6–7 riueld, rivel(l)d; 5 ryuelyd, 6 ryu-, ryvyled, ryu-, ryvelled, 5 ryuelde, 6 ryuilde, 7 ryveld. β. 5 reuylde, 5–6 reueled (5 -lid), 6 reuyled, reveld.
[OE. rifelede, app. f. *rifel (see rivel n.1), of obscure etym. Formerly in freq. use; now dial. or arch.]
1. Wrinkled; full of wrinkles or small folds; corrugated, furrowed:
a. Of the skin, face, etc. (Very common c 1530–1720.)
αa1100in Napier O.E. Glosses 187/2 Rugosus, rifelede. c1380Barlaam & Josaphat 248 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1875) 218/2 An old Mon he saiȝ, wt a riueled fas. 1390Gower Conf. III. 370 Al my face With Elde I myhte se deface, So riveled and so wo besein. c1425Found. St. Bartholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 27 By and by his senowys were contracte, pale and lene and ryvelyd abowte the moweth all discolouryd. c1450Merlin 262 He lefte vp his heed that was lothly and rivelid. 1513More Chron., Rich. III (1883) 54 Now is she old..and dried vp, nothing left but ryuilde skin and hard bone. 1566Drant Wailings Jer. K viij, Their ryveled skinnes, clongde to their bones unseparable be. 1620Venner Via Recta ii. 40 The colour of the face becommeth pale and riu'led. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1023 Where ever it finds a rivled pleated skin, it will cause very great pain. 1711Addison Spect. No. 86 ⁋2 When I see a Man with a sour rivell'd Face, I cannot forbear pitying his Wife. 1784Cowper Task ii. 488 From the rivel'd lips of toothless, bald Decrepitude. 1820C. R. Maturin Melmoth (1892) III. xxviii. 117 His rivelled and toothless mouth. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 353 Martha begins to shewn age—'er neck an' 'ands bin all rivelled an' s'runk.
fig. and transf.1546J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 41 That ye herein awarde me to forsake Beggerly beautie, and riueld riches take. 1609Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. i. 26 (Q.1), The riueled fee simple of the tetter.
β1430–40Lydg. Bochas i. xx. (MS. Bodl. 263), Ther reuelid skin abrod to drawe & streyne, Froward frounces to mak hem smothe & pleyne. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 288 Theyr face and vysage stande awry And all to reuylde.
b. Of fruit (dried or stored up).
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Acina rugosa, riueled grapes, or reasons. 1601Holland Pliny xv. xiv, The ragged apples Pannucea take this name, for that..they soonest be riveld. 1678Dryden All for Love Prol. 40 Take in good part from our poor poet's board Such rivelled fruits as winter can afford.
c. Of bark, leaves, etc.
1594Nashe Terrors of Night Wks. (Grosart) III. 257 The riueld barke or outward rynde of a tree. 1601Holland Pliny xiii. xxi, The leaves..be somewhat longer.., with long cuts or lines wrinkled and riveled throughout. Ibid. xvi. xxxi, Ordinarily, all old trees have more riveled barkes and furrowed, than the younger. 1665Rea Flora 70 If it [the root] appear rivelled or crumpled on the outside.
2. Shrunken, shrivelled, esp. by heat.
1629Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 417 As for the leather and wood it was all burnt and riveld. a1640Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 53 Upon the barren trees..hung fruite..shrunk up and riveld like scrowles of scortcht parchment. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 616 The sultry Dog-star..Scorch'd Indian Swains, the rivell'd Grass was dry. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock ii. 132 Or Alum styptics with contracting pow'r Shrink his thin essence like a rivel'd flow'r. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 596 Ev'ry worm..weaves And winds his web about the rivell'd leaves. 1886Barnes Dorset Gloss., Rivelled.., shrivelled as grass.
fig.1842Lytton Zanoni (1890) 100 Its power is rivelled as a leaf which the first wind shall scatter.
b. With up.
1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 80 They shall passe away with a noyse,..like the hissing of parchment, riveled up with heat. 1686F. Spence tr. Varillas' Ho. Medici 440 The Spleen was..straitn'd and rivell'd up. 1700Dryden Flower & Leaf 378 The fading flowers..hung the head, And rivell'd up with heat, lay dying in their bed.
†3. Pleated or gathered in small folds. Obs.
1480Caxton Trevisa's Higden ii. xxxv. (1527) 90 This was the fyrst kyng of Romayns that ware purpure, a maner reed clothynge of kynges and broudred and ryuelde. 1515Barclay Egloges i. (1570) A ij b/1 Their reuilde shirtes of cloth white, soft and thin. 1523Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 36 Playne Surplices for Men... Reveld Surplices for Men. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. F v b, Some [capes] are pleated, and ryueled down the back wonderfully.
4. Twisted; coiled. rare.
1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido 754 Ile giue thee tackling made of riueld gold. 1835Browning Paracelsus i. 481 He points, smiling, to his scarf Heavy with riveled gold. |