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‖ avant-garde, † aˈvant-ˌguard|avɑ̃gard|
Forms: 5 au-, avaunt-, aduantgard(e, avantgaird, 7 au-, avant-, avaunt-, avan-guard, -gard, 8–9 avant-garde.
[a. F. avant-garde, f. avant before + garde guard. Formerly anglicized, avaunt-, and -guard; sense 1 is now archaic or obs., being replaced by the aphetic vanguard; cf. (ar)rear-guard.]
1. The foremost part of an army; the vanguard or van.
1470–85Malory Arthur i. xv, Lyonses and Pharyaunce had the aduant garde. 1582–8Hist. Jas. VI (1804) 40 The gentillmen of the surname of Hamiltoun were on the Queenes avantgaird. 1630Hayward K. Edw. VI, 18 Next followed the avauntguard. 1664S. Clarke Tamerlane 8 Odmar led the avanguard. 1796Campaigns 1793–4 I. i. ii. 12 Gen. Stengel..commanded the avant garde of Valence's army. 1800Coleridge Wallenstein iii. vii, Mid full glasses Will we expect the Swedish Avantgarde.
2. The pioneers or innovators in any art in a particular period. Also attrib. or as adj. Hence avant-ˈgardism, the characteristic quality of such pioneering; avant-ˈgardist(e) |-ɪst|, such a person; also attrib.
1910Daily Tel. 1 July 14/6 The new men of mark in the avant-garde. 1925League of Composers' Rev. Jan. 26 He used rather questionable methods of calling attention to himself..publishing wild manifestoes in the avant-garde magazines. 1940Graves & Hodge Long Week-End xii. 197 At Paris..British and American literary avant-gardistes fraternized or came to blows. 1947University Observer I. i. 19 There is a terrible striving always to be avant-garde: to ‘discover’ Henry James, T. S. Eliot, Melville or the more obscure modern English poets. 1947Horizon Dec. 299 A literature without an avant-garde soon becomes a literature without a main body. 1950A. Koestler in God that Failed i. 31 Their policy..in cultural matters [was] progressive to the point of avant-gardism. 1953Archit. Rev. CXIII. 149/2 For avant-gardist architecture produces..characterless buildings. 1967Spectator 3 Nov. 547/3 What baffles me about our various well-meaning avant-gardes is their prodigious appetite for punishment. 1967Times 23 Nov. 13/3 They resembled a group of avant-gardists who seemed not quite to know where they were going. |