| 释义 |
Australian, n. and a.|ɔːˈstreɪlɪən, ɒ-|
[ad. F. australien, f. L. austrālis, in Terra Australis ‘southern land,’ the title given, from 16th c., to the supposed continent and islands lying in the Great Southern Ocean, for which Australia was at length substituted (see Flinders, 1814, Voyage to Terra Australis, I. Introd. p. iii, foot-note.) With the gradual restriction of Terra Australis and ‘Australia’ to New Holland (see Penny Cycl. 1835 s.v.), Australian has been similarly restricted.]
A. n.
†1. A native of the Terra Australis, including Australasia, Polynesia, and ‘Magellanica’. Obs.
2. a. An aboriginal native of, later, also, a colonist or resident in, the island-continent of Australia.
1693New Discov. Terra Incogn. Austral. 163 It is easie to judge of the incomparability of the Australians with the people of Europe. 1766Callander Terra Australis (De Brosses) II. 280 One of the Australians, or natives of the Southern World, whom Gonneville had brought into France. 1815Ann. Reg. 546 Like most Australians their legs did not bear the European proportion to the size of their heads and bodies. 1880Daily News 25 Nov. 5/2 Herbert it seems is an Australian, or at least has been living in Australia.
b. New Australian, a recent immigrant resident in Australia, esp. one from Europe.
1926J. Doone (title) Timely Tips for New Australians. 1952Mitchell in Chambers's Shorter Eng. Dict. Suppl., New Australian, an immigrant, usually a European; first applied to displaced persons from the Baltic countries. 1959N.Z. Listener 9 Jan. 3/2 The hero of the story, Nino Culotta, is a New Australian—or what is now known as a Naussie.
3. absol. uses of the adj. (contextual sense editorially inserted in square brackets).
1850E. Ward Jrnl. 3 Oct. (1951) 40 Australians [ships]..are not common enough to meet on the high seas. 1896N. Newnham-Davis Three Men & God 123 The additional felicity of exercising an old bucking Australian [horse] belonging to the Master. 1901Westm. Gaz. 4 June 12/1 That well-known collector.. had a collection of Australians [stamps] alone worth {pstlg}10,000. 1930Economist 8 Nov. 866/2 The improving tendency of Australians [shares]. 1945C. L. B. Hubbard Observer's Bk. Dogs 21 Sydney Silky dogs are frequently crossed with Australians [Australian terriers].
B. adj.
a. Of or belonging to Australia.
1814R. Brown in Flinders Voy. Terr. Austr. II. 535 The collection of Australian plants. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 363 The Alfourou and Australian races. a1885Mod. Proposed confederation of the Australian colonies.
b. In specific combinations with ns., as A. ballot (see quot. 1903); A. bluebell creeper, an evergreen vine of the genus Sollya with blue flowers; A. cattle-dog (see quots.); A. cranberry: see cranberry 2; A. crawl: see crawl n.1 c; A. currant: see currant 3; A. English, the form of English used by the inhabitants of Australia; the characteristic features which distinguish this form; A. honeysuckle, any of several plants of the genus Banksia (see honeysuckle 3 a); A. kelpie: see kelpie2; A. lady-bird (see quots.); A. mahogany, any of several eucalypts having hard red timber (Webster, 1909); A. National Football, the official name for Australian Rules football (see A. rules below); A. rules, regulations governing a football game having certain characteristics of both association and rugby football, with eighteen players on each side; also, the game itself; A. terrier, a type of terrier bred in Australia, resembling the English wire-haired breeds.
1888Nation (N.Y.) 2 Aug. 91/2 By introducing the secret ‘*Australian ballot’ in Congressional elections..the use of bribery in the choice of Congressmen might be discouraged to some extent. 1903A. B. Hart Actual Government 74 The so-called Australian ballot system, under which all the candidates appear upon one ballot, prepared and distributed by the state, and the voter indicates on the ballot his choice of candidates.
1896T. W. Sanders Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) 368 Sollya (*Australian Bluebell Creeper). 1916H. L. G. van Wijk Dict. Plantnames II. 81/2 Australian blue bell creeper.
1926Australian Encycl. II. 453/1 A blending of the native bred dog..and the smooth-haired Scotch sheep-dog... Such is the *Australian cattle-dog. 1945C. L. B. Hubbard Observer's Bk. Dogs 20 Australian Cattle Dog. Australian Heeler. This is an Australian manufactured breed much resembling a miniature Alsatian.
1940A. G. Mitchell in Southerly July 11 (heading) *Australian English. 1953Baker Australia Speaks 7 Scores of people have rallied to the cause of sorting out the intricacies of Australian English. 1967Guardian 11 Jan. 18/8 There is Australian English, and American English, and Indian English, and West African English, and West Indian English—recognisable..as a matter of idiom and accent. 1985English World-Wide VI. i. 36 (heading) Australian (and NZ) English.
1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 140/2 *Australian or heath honeysuckle is the Australian Banksia serrata. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 18/2 Banksia,..the so-called Australian Honeysuckle.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 636/2 One of the most notable examples of the use of insect allies is the case of the *Australian Lady Bird, Adalia cardinalis. 1952Mitchell in Chambers's Shorter Eng. Dict. Suppl., Australian ladybird, a small blue and orange beetle introduced into California in 1888 to combat the cottony-cushion scale.
1948T. Corkhill Gloss. Wood 19 *Australian Mahogany. Dysoxylon fraseranum. Also called Australian Rosewood. Reddish colour and fragrant. Characteristics of red cedar. Very durable and stable. Used for general purposes, furniture, aircraft.
1927Argus (Melbourne) 9 Aug 10/6 The name of the council..was altered to that of the *Australian National Football Council, and all of the States will place before the word ‘football’ in the title of their organisations the words ‘Australian National’. 1968Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football i. 12 This does not mean..that Australian National Football is the most frequently used term... In the community at large, Australian Rules would undoubtedly be the most common term.
1925Australian Encycl. I. 479/1 Of matches under *Australian (then known as Victorian) rules seven were won and 12 were lost. 1933Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Mar. 30 The Australian rules football carnival in Sydney next August. 1958Australian Encycl. IV. 134/2 Generally, it [sc. Australian football] is known as the Australian Game, National Football, or Australian Rules.
1909Webster, *Australian terrier. 1910Encycl. Brit. VIII. 378 (caption) Australian Terrier. 1928F. T. Barton Kennel Encycl. 26 The so-called Australian terriers are nothing more or less than inferior specimens of the Yorkshire terriers. 1966Weekly News (N.Z.) 1 June 40 Australian terrier..a low-set, compact, active little dog which may be silver-grey with tan markings, or sandy.
Hence, Australioid |ɔːˈstreɪlɪɔɪd|, a., also Australoid |ˈɔːstrəlɔɪd|, of the ethnological type of the aborigines of Australia. Also as n.
1864Reader No. 103. 771/1 Australioid rather than Australian. 1869Lubbock Preh. Times xii. 378 The Australoid type contains all the inhabitants of Australia, and the native races of the Deccan. 1884Sat. Rev. 26 July 118 Proving the existence of Australioid blood in our veins. 1910Encycl. Brit. II. 748/2 It is also probable that the Australoid family extends into south Arabia and Egypt. 1913H. Johnston Pioneers in Australasia ii. 49 The ancestors of the Tasmanians and Australoids were driven forth into the forests of Africa and southern Asia... The Australoids..became the native race of the Australian continent. |