| 释义 |
rigidity|rɪˈdʒɪdɪtɪ|
[ad. L. rigiditas (Vitruvius): see rigid a. and -ity. So F. rigidité (17th c.), It. rigidita, -tade, -tate.]
1. a. The state of being rigid; stiffness, hardness.
1624Wotton Arch. in Reliq. (1672) 56 Which severe Observation of Nature..must needs produce..a kind of Rigidity. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments (1735) 162 Rigidity of the Vessels and Organs must necessarily follow from Rigidity of the Fibres. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. III. xxix. 192 Its endeavour to overcome the rigidity of the cooled oil. 1805Saunders Min. Waters 146 Where it has left..a rigidity or impaired action in the seat of the disease. 1859Lang Wand. India 134 They were lying dead, but still warm, and their limbs, as yet, devoid of rigidity. 1882Minchin Unipl. Kinemat. 121 The motion may be one which is consistent with perfect rigidity.
b. modulus of rigidity (also rigidity modulus).
1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 805/2 The ‘modulus of rigidity’ of an isotropic solid is the amount of tangential stress divided by the deformation it produces. 1930Engineering 11 Apr. 465/2 In this problem, accurate values of the bulk modulus..and the rigidity modulus..were required. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IV. 419/2 The shear or rigidity modulus..measures the resistance of the material to change in shape without change in volume.
2. a. Strictness, severity, harshness, inflexibility; an instance of this.
a1653Binning Serm. (1845) 572 Will rigidity, severity,..and such like, ever conciliate the hearts of Men? 1699Burnet 39 Art. Pref. 8 Till the Lutherans abate of their Rigidity. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. lv. (1806) IV. 149 This assertion..displeased the house by shewing a stiffness and rigidity in the king. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. x. 262 Disqualified from free and energetic action by rigidities and scruples and divisions. 1847Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) I. 344 The spasmodic rigidity and unnatural exaggeration of the Stoics. 1884Courthope Addison 10 Though many of them were connected with the Presbyterian system, their common sense made them revolt from its rigidity.
b. Psychol. Inflexibility and unadaptability in a person's outlook and responses.
1943K. F. Walker et al. in Character & Personality XII. 35 This additional source of interference might well be called disposition-rigidity, and consists of the influence of an habitual activity on a less well-established activity. 1946P. M. Symonds Dynamics Human Adjustm. vii. 171 Forms of personal rigidity either in gesture or posture..or thoughts again represent methods of defense against active impulses and hence anxiety. 1949Jrnl. Personality XVII. 321 We hope to demonstrate experimentally what principal forms of rigidity exist. 1960M. Rokeach Open & Closed Mind ix. 184 High rigidity should lead to difficulties in the analytic phase of thinking. 1973D. L. Schaeffer tr. Cohen's Patterns of Personality Judgment iv. 277 These findings would lead us to anticipate positive correlations between judgmental variance and both the neuroticism and the rigidity scores on the personality questionnaire. |