| 释义 |
attraction|əˈtrækʃən|
[a. F. attraction, 16th c. (in 13th c. attration), or ad. L. attractiōn-em, n. of action f. attrahĕre: see attract v. and -tion.]
I. The action of drawing or sucking in.
†1. The drawing in or absorption of matter by any vessel of the body; the taking in of food. Obs.
1533Elyot Cast. Helth (1541) 46 Augmentation of heat, wherby hapneth the more attraction of thynges to be digested. 1585Lloyd Treas. Health N ij, Debylitie of attraction in ye milte. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. v, Attraction is a ministering faculty, which as a loadstone doth iron, draws meat into the stomach, or as a lamp does oil.
†2. The drawing in of the breath, inspiration, inhalation. Obs.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xxii. (1660) 232 It behoveth they should have both Attraction and Respiration. 1638Venner Tobacco 411 Not sucking it into your windepipe and throat, with a sudden, or strong attraction.
II. The action or faculty of drawing to or towards the subject; the force that so draws; the fact of being so drawn.
†3. Med. The action of drawing humours, etc.; concr. an application that so draws, a poultice, etc.
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 H iv, The vsage of the herbe..for to make vyolent attraction. 1656Ridgley Pract. Physic 14 Attractions must be applyed, as Pigeon's dung, Sope.
†4. Pulling, dragging, traction. Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man ii. 39 Neither do they [Cartilages]..be extended by Attraction, as doe the Ligamentes.
5. a. The action of a body or substance in drawing to itself, by some physical force, another to which it is not materially attached; the force thus exercised.
1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 439 The Sunnes a Theefe, and with his great attraction Robbes the vaste Sea. 1626Bacon Sylva §704 Similitude of Substance will cause Attraction, where the Body is wholy freed from the Motion of Gravity. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 243 Attraction is an Operation, or Virtue, or Influence of distant Bodies upon each other through an empty Interval, without any Effluvia or Exhalations or other corporeal medium to convey and transmit it. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. 79 Attraction, according to the true sense of the word, supposes one body to act upon another at a distance, or where it is not. 1837Brewster Magnet. 265 A reciprocal tendency to unite, which is designated, and sometimes thought to be explained, by the merely descriptive word attraction.
Hence: The appropriate term for all the physical actions of this nature; (in every case attraction is used to name the power or force inferred, as well as the simple action of which we are cognizant).
b. magnetic attraction: the action of a magnet or loadstone in drawing and attaching iron to itself. electric attraction: the similar action of electrified substances upon certain other bodies.
1626Bacon Sylva §906 The Drawing of Amber and Iet, and other Electrick Bodies, and the Attraction in Gold of the Spirit of Quick-silver. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. 14 To solve the motion of the Sea, and Magnetick Attractions. 1686Dryden Hind & P. 370 Two magnets, heaven and earth, allude to bliss; The larger loadstone that, the nearer this; The weak attraction of the greater fails. 1849M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxviii, The attraction between electrified and unelectrified substances is merely a consequence of their altered state.
c. attraction of gravity or gravitation: that which exists between all bodies, and acts at all distances, with a force proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart.
1727Chambers Cycl. s.v., The attraction of gravity is one of the greatest and most universal principles in all nature. 1843Mill Logic iii. xiv. §2 Brought under the one law of the mutual attraction of all particles of matter. 1858Sir J. Herschel Astron. §564 In so far as their orbits can remain unaltered by the attractions of the planets. 1865Tyndall Fragm. Sc. II. i, With gravity there is no selection: no particular atoms choose, by preference, other particular atoms as objects of attraction.
d. molecular attraction: that which takes place between the molecules of bodies, and acts only at infinitely small distances. attraction of cohesion: that by which the particles composing a body are kept together. attraction of adhesion: that by which certain substances, when brought into contact, stick together. capillary attraction: that whereby a liquid is drawn up or ascends through a hair-like tube.
1727Chambers Cyclopædia s.v., That which does not extend to sensible distances..a late ingenious author chuses to call the attraction of cohesion. 1788Reid Act. Powers i. vi, The powers of corpuscular attraction, magnetism, electricity, gravitation. 1813Davy Agric. Chem. ii. (1814) 35 Attraction of cohesion..enables fluids to rise in capillary tubes..hence it is sometimes called capillary attraction. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) II. 50 Usually called capillary or molecular attraction. 1854Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 2 Attraction which is effective only at insensible distances..has been called contiguous attraction.
e. chemical attraction= affinity 9.
1790Nicholson Chem. vii. (title) On the Attractions exerted between Bodies, particularly those which the Chemists call Elective Attractions. 1813Davy Agric. Chem. 35 Chemical attraction, the power by which different species of matter tend to unite into one compound. 1831T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xx. 208 Both the compounds will be decomposed by the mutual interchange of their constituents, and two new compounds will be formed. All instances of this kind are said to result from double elective attraction, or complex affinity. 1865Tyndall Fragm. Sc. II. i, That molecular attraction which we call chemical affinity.
f. fig. Personal influence, figured as magnetic.
1750Johnson Rambl. No. 160 ⁋5 Many natures..seem to start back from each other by some invincible repulsion. There are others which immediately cohere whenever they come into the reach of mutual attraction. 1876Hamerton Intell. Life ix. v. 323 The subtle, but powerful attraction of the greater mind over the less.
6. The action of causing men or animals to come to one by influencing their appetites or desires; or of encouraging the visits of things by providing fit conditions for their settlement.
1742Pope Dunc. iv. 75 And all the nations summoned to the throne..None need a guide, by sure attraction led. Mod. The attraction of the disaffected to his standard.
7. The action of drawing forth interest, affection, or sympathy; the power of so doing; attractive influence.
1767Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. II. xiii. 256 Place your glory in..kind attraction. 1848Clough Armours de Voy. 11, There are two different kinds..of human attraction: One which simply disturbs, unsettles, and makes you uneasy. 1884V. Lee in Contemp. Rev. XLV. 33 Boars and stag hunts had no attraction for quiet men of business.
8. A quality which draws forth the interest or admiration; an attracting quality. (Chiefly in pl.)
1608Shakes. Per. v. i. 46 She, questionless, with her sweet harmony And other choice attractions, would allure. 1711Steele Spect. No. 41 ⁋5 She had new Attractions every time he saw her. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 72 ⁋11 The ornament of superficial attractions. 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 158 By no means destitute of typographical attractions.
9. A thing or feature which draws people by appealing to their desires, tastes, etc.; esp. any interesting or amusing exhibition which ‘draws’ crowds. (Littré, in his Supplement, says that this ‘English sense’ of attraction began to be borrowed in French about the era of the Great Exhibitions, and had then, in 1869, become quite current.)
1829Harlequin 20 June 43 These performances, though possessing much novelty, did not prove sterling attractions. 1832Rep. Sel. Committee Dram. Lit. 45 You may draw as beautiful a picture, but not so as to produce that sort of scenic effect which is the great attraction. 1862W. Adams Guide I. Wight (1873) 108 The Pier is of course the great ‘lion’ and main attraction of the place. a1885Mod. The Health Exhibition has been the great attraction of the season (1884).
10. attraction sphere = centrosphere (a).
1896E. B. Wilson Cell in Developm. & Inher. 36 The centrosome..lies outside, though near, the nucleus, in the cyto-reticulum, surrounded by a granular, reticular, or radiating area of the latter known as the attraction-sphere or centrosphere. Ibid. 334 Attraction-sphere, the central mass of the aster from which the rays proceed.
Hence aˈttractionless, a. void of attractions, unattractive.
1882Glasg. Her. 24 Nov. 4/1 The bare, attractionless area. |