| 释义 |
▪ I. isophane, isophene|ˈaɪsəʊfeɪn, -fiːn|
[f. as next; cf. phen-, pheno-.]
A line (imaginary or on a map) linking places in which seasonal biological phenomena (the flowering of plants, etc.) occur at the same time. Hence isoˈphanal, isoˈphenal adjs.
1918A. D. Hopkins in U.S. Dept. Agric. Monthly Weather Rev. Suppl. IX. 8 (caption) Isophenal map of North America. Ibid. 9/1 Taking base maps of North America and of the major and minor political divisions, parallel lines (designated as isophanes) are drawn on them to define, according to the bioclimatic law, theoretical lines and zones of equal phenomena as to time of occurrence and equal bioclimatic conditions, at the same level. 1929V. E. Shelford Lab. & Field Ecol. i. 15 An isophenal map was prepared with isophenes drawn through equal-event dates at the same altitude. 1931Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. LXXIX. 183 Local conditions..cause considerable departures in the actual dates of seasonal events from those indicated by isophanes. Ibid., Instead of basing the isophanal map on degrees of latitude and longitude, he [sc. Znamenskiǐ] made use of the mean annual isotherms. 1947R. F. Daubenmire Plants & Environment iv. 219 From phenologic data maps can be drawn with lines (isophenes) connecting locations where plants are in the same stage of development at the same time. 1963E. Mayr Animal Species & Evolution xiii. 362 This north-south cline is crossed by the isophenes, lines connecting all populations with the same phenotype.
▪ II. isophane, a. Pharm.|ˈaɪsəʊfeɪn|
[f. iso- + Gr. -ϕανης showing, appearing (f. ϕαίνειν to show, cause to appear).]
a. Designating that ratio of protamine to insulin which, in a solution made by mixing solutions of the individual substances, gives rise to equal turbidity in two equal samples taken after a precipitate has been allowed to form when one sample has sufficient insulin added to it to precipitate all the protamine in it and the other a sufficient amount of protamine to precipitate all the insulin.
1946Krayenbühl & Rosenberg in Rep. Steno Memorial Hosp. I. 65 The proportion of protamine to insulin must be nearly isophane. At isophane proportions the formation of crystals is rapid. 1950Federal Register (U.S.) 2 Nov. 7363/2 The isophane ratio shall be expressed as milligrams of protamine per 100 U.S.P. Units of insulin. 1955Dispensatory U.S.A. (ed. 25) 686/2 The most useful of these mixtures, for many patients, proved to be the 2:1 mixture of regular insulin and protamine zinc insulin. In this mixture protamine is present to the extent of about 0·5 mg. per 100 units of insulin, which is the combining proportion, or so-called isophane ratio, of protamine and insulin.
b. Applied to a crystalline mixture of insulin and protamine in the isophane ratio with zinc, which has longer-lasting effects than pure insulin. Also ellipt. as n.
1954A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 2) xxvi. 606 (table) NPH Insulin (Isophane). 1955Dispensatory U.S.A. (ed. 25) 686/2 In preparing Isophane Insulin Injection, sufficient insulin is used to provide either 40 or 80 U.S.P. Insulin Units for each ml. of the Injection. 1955Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Feb. 478/2 Having used isophane..since November, 1953, and in more than 60 diabetics, I find it easily the most satisfactory one-shot-a-day insulin available. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1389/2 A 20-year-old diabetic patient, who was poorly controlled on 45 units isophane insulin in the morning and 35 units isophane insulin in the evening, was admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis. 1968Pond & Oakley in W. G. Oakley et al. Clin. Diabetes xxiii. 602 A comparable method of control by a single morning injection is the use of a mixture of isophane (NPH) and SI. |