| 释义 |
revisionism Politics.|rɪˈvɪʒənɪz(ə)m|
[f. revision + -ism.]
1. A policy first put forward in the 1890s by Edward Bernstein (1850–1932) advocating the introduction of socialism through evolution rather than revolution, in opposition to the orthodox view of Marxists; hence a term of abuse used within the communist world for an interpretation of Marxism which is felt to threaten the canonical policy.
1903Social-Democrat VII. 84 (heading) Revisionism in Germany. 1909E. C. Harvey tr. Bernstein's Evolutionary Socialism p. xxii, Subsequently the views put forward in the book have received the bye-name of Revisionism. 1934P. & I. Petroff Secret of Hitler's Victory iii. 40 In the social democratic ranks extreme revisionism predominated. 1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 396 It is permissible, is it orthodoxy or revisionism, for a Marxist to take any significant ideas from the prevailing fashion of the ‘neo-Kantian’ revival? 1958Times 4 Aug. 7/2 It is not only over Yugoslav ‘revisionism’ that China has lately taken a distinctive and uncompromising attitude. 1959M. S. Levin tr. Lenin's Against Revisionism 122 The ideological struggle waged by revolutionary Marxism against revisionism at the end of the nineteenth century is but the prelude to the great revolutionary battles of the proletariat. 1962Listener 8 Mar. 404/2 Russian Khrushchevian revisionism. 1965New Statesman 18 June 945/2 China was going to fight Soviet revisionism to the bitter end. 1969A. G. Frank Latin Amer. (1970) xiv. 221 There exists no dual society in the world today and all attempts to find one are attempts to justify and/or cover up imperialism and revisionism. 1975J. De Bres tr. Mandel's Late Capitalism xvi. 517 Cheprakov's revisionism is here unequivocally spelt out.
2. A term used for a revised attitude to some previously accepted political situation, doctrine, or point of view; concr., the name of the policy adopted by a right-wing Zionist group, active during the formative period of the State of Israel; mostly U.S., a movement to revise the accepted versions of American history, esp. those relating to foreign affairs since the war of 1939–45.
1921Glasgow Herald 4 Apr. 10 The British Foreign Office has got over its momentary lapse into revisionism. 1932Palestine Post 25 Dec. 6/2 The leader of the Revisionism, Jabotinsky. 1939G. F. Hudson Turkey, Greece & E. Mediterranean (1940) 28 Turkey, Greece, Rumania, and Jugoslavia therefore left out Bulgaria, and concluded between themselves a pact of mutual guarantee, the foundation of the so-called Balkan Entente (9 Feb. 1934). This was in effect an alliance against Bulgarian revisionism, just as the Little Entente was an alliance against Hungarian revisionism. 1940Economist 6 Apr. 606/2 The Near Eastern States offer a happy hunting-ground to the roving ambition of predatory Great Powers. Once again, it is a question of revisionism versus the status quo. 1949Koestler Promise & Fulfilment iii. 302 The conflict between Revisionism and official Zionism was mainly one of character and temperament. 1953J. A. Lukacs Great Powers & E. Europe p. viii, The somewhat vague concept of historical revisionism is applicable only when there is an abundance of well-documented historical writing which, because of its unilateral emphasis or perspective, needs to be counter⁓balanced. Ibid. iii. 282 Ribbentrop..termed the Russian attitude [over Finland] as ‘reasonable’, stemming from an aim of ‘modest revisionism’. 1959Encounter Sept. 64/2 A humanistic revisionism can be secured only by revising the claims of science itself. 1960S. G. Evans Short Hist. Bulgaria v. 175 The extent of German economic penetration and the degree of national chauvinism in the ruling class, leading to a clamant revisionism, plus the fact that Hitler appeared to be winning, made it certain that they would turn the way they did. 1965New Statesman 1 Oct. 486/2 One linguistic difference between American and British historians lies in the frequency with which they use the word ‘revisionism’. It is common currency in Transatlantic seminars and journals, but hardly ever heard in this country. Ibid., ‘Revisionism’ goes on all the time because of disagreement about the moral and political significance of what happened. 1973in R. Staar Yearbk. on Internat. Communist Affairs 80 The fact that the work was not condemned or suppressed, but indeed approved..by Georgian authorities, until Moscow intervened, indicated that historiographical ‘revisionism’ was rife in the republic. 1977Time 15 Aug. 26/1 Revisionism is starting on Johnson as it has started on other Presidents. |