| 释义 |
▪ I. relapse, n.1|rɪˈlæps|
Also 6 relaps.
[f. the vb.; cf. lapse n.]
1. A falling back into error, heresy, or wrongdoing; backsliding.
1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 14 §6 Yf they..after abiuracion fall in relapse..they shalbe..burned. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 941/2 Not to departe thence without licence of the Prior for the tyme beyng, vpon payne of relapse. a1628Preston Effect. Faith (1631) 69 When a sin is committed we should labour to recover our selves out of that relapse. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 100 Which would but lead me to a worse relapse, And heavier fall. 1713Steele Guardian No. 19 ⁋3 His mind would be still open to honour and virtue in spite of infirmities and relapses. 1784Cowper Task v. 626 A presage ominous, portending still Its own dishonour by a worse relapse. 1869J. Baldw. Brown Misread Passages ix. 124 Relapse into idolatry..was a very pressing peril.
2. The fact of falling back again into an illness after a partial recovery; return of a disease or illness during the period of convalescence.
1584Cogan Heaven Health ccxliii. (1636) 317 After that time to sleepe and eat at pleasure, yet measurably for feare of relaps. 1601Holland Pliny II. 391 Those agues which by way of relapse vse often to return againe. 1631Gouge God's Arrows i. Ded., A very dangerous disease..further increased by two relapses. 1652Gataker Antinom. B ij, A..sicknesse, that brought me very low, and some relapses, that kept me down. 1686Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 390 The King of France hath had a relapse of his distemper. a1721Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) I. 36 In love, that languishing disease, A sad relapse we ne'er recover. 1770Burke Corr. (1844) I. 228 It was a slow fever, with frequent appearances of amendment, and frequent relapses. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xi, He was soon led on by the malicious dwarf to smoke himself into a relapse. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 197 A second and perhaps a third relapse succeed.
†3. Failure to meet a claim within the proper time. Obs. rare.
1593Nashe Christ's T. 47 For a hundred pound commodity..he recouers, by relapse, some hundred pound a yeere. 1631Heywood Maid of West v. Wks. 1874 II. 325 A French merchant runne into relapse And forfeit of the Law.
4. The act of falling or sinking back again.
1876Swinburne Erechtheus 1364 The lift and relapse of the wave of the chargers. 1878Browning Poets Croisic lxiv, Every dart of every aim..That touches just, then seems, by strange relapse, To fall effectless from the soul.
5. ? A rally, effort at recovery.
1817Shelley Rev. Islam xii. xvi, One brief relapse, like the last beam Of dying flames..a blood-red gleam Burst upwards.
▪ II. relapse, n.2 and a. Now rare.|rɪˈlæps|
Also 7 relaps (sing. and pl.).
[ad. L. relaps-us, pa. pple. of relābī: cf. F. relaps m., relapse f.]
A. n. A relapsed person; one who has fallen again into error or heresy. (Cf. relapser.)
1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 61 The heretikis that ar relapsis. 1592Nashe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 37 b, When a man is a relapse from God and his Lawes. 1606Warner Alb. Eng. xiv. lxxxix. 362 Although a Recluse yet to be a Relaps feare thou neuer. 1683Apol. Prot. France iii. 2 The Prisons in France are full of these pretended Relaps. 1699Burnet 39 Art. xxv. (1700) 278 They never gave a second Absolution to the Relapse. 1736Chandler Hist. Persec. 266 If the Person accused is found a Relapse by his own Confession, he can't escape Death. 1820Ranken Hist. France VIII. ii. ii. 274 They were commanded to receive no converts nor relapses from the Catholic body.
B. adj. = relapsed ppl. a. rare—1.
1683Apol. Prot. France ii. 13 What was particular to Ecclesiasticks and Relapse Protestants, is now become universal to all Roman Catholicks.
▪ III. relapse, v.|rɪˈlæps|
Also 6 relaps.
[f. L. relaps-, ppl. stem of relābī to slip back: see re- and lapse v.]
1. intr. To fall back into wrong-doing or error; to backslide; spec. to fall again into heresy after recantation. Const. into, to; also without const.
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 940/2 You be not onely..impenitent, disobedient,..and relapsed by this your..hereticall demeanour, but [etc.]. 1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxix. (1840) 102 These Maronites..received the Catholic faith; though soon after..they relapsed to their old errors. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xii. 59 The Children of Israel..relapsed into the Idolatry of the Egyptians. a1740Waterland View Doctr. Justif. Wks. 1823 IX. 464 Then they enter into the justified state, and so continue all along, unless they relapse. 1773Mrs. Chapone Improv. Mind (1774) II. 2 When you are your own mistress, you may relapse into..faults. 1824J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. ii. i. 247 Cicero..late in life..relapsed into the sceptical tenets of his former instructor Philo. 1855Brewster Newton II. xxiv. 357 The tendency of the Church of England to relapse into Romish superstition.
2. To fall back into an illness after partial recovery or from a convalescent state.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 858 He should be then cleerely delyuered of his disease: Yet not so cleane rid of it, but that he might shortly relaps. 1655Culpepper, etc. Riverius i. ii. 15 They which have been troubled with any of these Diseases..do use many times to relapse and fal into the same again. 1681Lond. Gaz. No. 1586/3 The Prince of Parma is relapsed, and has his Feavor again. 1706–7Farquhar Beaux' Strat. iv. i, Your Servant has been telling me that you're apt to relapse if you go into the Air. 1778Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 15 Oct., He was mending before he went, and surely he has not relapsed. 1855Kane Arct. Expl. (1856) II. i. 11 Mr. Wilson has relapsed. I..took his place at watch.
transf.1878Browning Poets Croisic xlix, The red fire..Rallies, relapses, dwindles, deathward sinks!
b. Of stock: To fall again in value.
1896Daily News 15 Dec. 9/1 Home Railway stocks have relapsed to-day.
3. To fall back or sink again into († or to) any state, practice, etc.
1593Nashe Christ's T. To Rdr., Into some splenative vaines of wantonnesse, heeretofore have I foolishlie relapsed. 1603Florio Montaigne (1634) 300 Our minde doth still relapse into the same depth. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parlt. ii. 36 So that..he might more grievously relapse into the said denounced sentence. 1716–7Bentley Serm. iii. Wks. 1838 III. 265 He sustains them from relapsing into nothing. 1751Gray Lett. (1904) II. App. 297 The Chorus..when their vagaries are over, relapse again into common sense and conversation. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 44 When he had relapsed into moody silence, I resumed the subject gently. 1864D. G. Mitchell Sev. Stor. 55 He relapsed into a musing mood.
†b. To fall away from a person. Obs.
1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. v. 35 Hee feared to run into any such inconvenience, as might cause his friends to relapse from him. 1687Dryden Hind & P. ii. 486 You slip your hold and change your side, Relapsing from a necessary guide.
c. To fall again under some one's power. rare.
1847Grote Greece ii. xxxv. (1862) III. 251 Salamis relapsed under the sway of its former despot Gorgus.
†4. To fall back from a height. Obs. rare—1.
1638[see relapsing ppl. a.].
†5. trans. To cause to fall back. Obs.
1652Sir C. Cotterell tr. Calprenède's Cassandra ii. 86 Such transportments of passion as were likely to have relaps'd him into his former condition. 1668H. More Div. Dial. iv. xxxvii. (1713) 394 Whoever revives to him any hope of recovery, relapses that Kingdom into the state of the first Vial. 1773J. Ross Fratricide i. 473 (MS.), Some Hellish scheme to settle and relapse The spleen of Cain. |