| 释义 |
reticulum|rɪˈtɪkjʊləm|
[L. rēticulum, dim. of rēte net: cf. reticule.]
1. Anat.
a. The second stomach of a ruminant.
1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 55 The Reticulum, or Net-like Ventricle of ruminating horned animals. 1676Grew Musæum, Anat. Stomach & Guts vi. 27 The Reticulum forthwith throws it up into the Gulet and Mouth. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Ruminant, The..reticulum, which we call the honeycomb. 1782A. Monro's Compar. Anatomy 76 The second stomach..is called..reticulum, honeycomb, the bonnet or king's-hood. 1859Todd's Cycl. Anat. V. 537/1 In the reticulum the walls remain smooth and do not exhibit any very evident traces of the contained water-cells. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 559 The reticulum is succeeded by the psalterium (omasus).
†b. The omentum or mesentery. Obs.
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Reticulum, the same with Omentum. 1727–38Chambers Cycl., Reticulum, the caul, or omentum; a name sometimes given this part from its net-like structure.
2. a. Arch. Reticulated work. rare—1.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVI. 140/2 In the city of Salino are still to be seen remains of some walls, evidently of Roman origin from the reticulum.
b. Bot. (See quots.)
1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1839) 144 The fibrous sheath at the base of the leaves of Palms, called reticulum by some. 1856Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms 157 Reticulum, the debris of crossed fibres about the base of the petioles in Palms.
c. A net-like structure; a membrane, etc., having a reticulated form or appearance.
1858Carpenter Veg. Phys. §199 The ribs forming a reticulum, or minute net-work. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 82 A very fine supporting reticulum is arranged around the radial spicula.
3. Astr. = reticule 3.
1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 422/1. 1870 Proctor Other Worlds than Ours xii. 287 The extension of some of these streams in the constellations Grus, Hydra, Reticulum, &c.
4. a. Histology. Retiform tissue forming part of the reticuloendothelial system.
1870H. Power tr. Stricker's Man. Human & Compar. Histol. I. ii. 65 A remarkable form of connective tissue occurs in the supporting and investing reticulum of the glands of the lymphatic system and allied organs in connection with their blood capillaries, and around the fasciculi of fibrillar connective tissue. Ibid. 66 In the fresh condition, the reticulum is soft and easily torn. 1896Johns Hopkins Hosp. Rep. I. 171 A tissue practically identical with reticulum is widely distributed throughout the body. Ibid. 202 Since they [sc. liver fibrils] seem to be identical with the reticulum of lymphatic glands, spleen and mucous membrane, I shall retain for them the name reticulum. 1964Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXX. 1083 The most interesting feature..of this reticulum web in primary follicles is its possible importance in the induction of immune responses. Ibid. 1084 A fine web of phagocytic reticulum in primary follicles was found to be responsible for antigen localization.
b. Cytology. The firmer parts of the cytoplasm; Obs. except in endoplasmic reticulum, a complex and often extensive system of membrane in the cytoplasm of a cell, containing RNA and involved in protein synthesis.
1891Quain's Elem. Anat. (ed. 10) I. 173 (caption) Protoplasm, showing a reticulum of plastin. Ibid., In most cells..it is found that a differentiation of the protoplasm has occurred in such a manner that a part of it appears under high powers of the microscope in the form of a network or spongework... The network is known as the reticulum or spongioplasm. 1896[see enchylema]. 1948Porter & Thompson in Jrnl. Exper. Med. LXXXVIII. 24 b (caption) The relatively large mitochondria lie amidst strands of the endoplasmic reticulum. 1953Ibid. XCVII. 736 This component is absent from the thinner (ectoplasmic) margins of the cell and appears instead to occupy the central or endoplasmic portions of the cytoplasm. From its location and form it has come to be referred to as the endoplasmic reticulum and by this name it has been noted in previous reports. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. iii. 52 The endoplasmic reticulum, when viewed under an electron microscope, resembles a thin tubular network. 1976Sci. Amer. Mar. 27/1 There were striking changes in the ultrastructure of the liver cell: the mitochondria..were enlarged and distorted, and the smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of enzymes associated with the metabolism of alcohol and other substances, proliferated.
c. Histology. = reticulin.
1927Amer. Jrnl. Path. III. 524 Reticulum as a chemically distinct intercellular substance does not exist; it is collagen in separated form, rendered prominent by the silver stain. 1941Cancer Res. I. 234/1 By using a method which differentiates collagen from reticulum, we have found that, as age advances, there is a transformation of the latter into the former in the endometrium.
5. Special Comb.: reticulum cell, variously used to denote cells of the reticuloendothelial system; cf. reticular cell s.v. reticular a. 1 a (iii); [the sense is due to Ribbert, who used G. reticulumzell (Beitr. zu path. Anat. u. zu allg. Path. (1889) VI. 206)].
1912E. A. Schäfer Textbk. Microsc. Anat. 400 The ramified cells which cover the reticular tissue of the lymph-sinus often contain a considerable number of pigment-granules, especially in the medulla of the gland. These reticulum-cells are phagocytic. 1939Cooper & Jones Human Histol. iv. 44 There is no obvious matrix, and the unhampered connective tissue or reticulum cells possess active phagocytic properties. 1975Jrnl. Path. CXVII. 119 The terms reticular cell and reticulum cell are widely and variously used to describe cells in lymph-nodes. It has been suggested..that the term reticulum cell should be applied to cells in lymph-nodes which are not readily described as macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells or leukocytes and that the term reticular cell should be reserved for the dendritic reticular cell of Nossal et al. Ibid. 121 Reticulum cell, heterogeneous group of cells some of which bind antigen, some of which synthesise DNA, some of which may be macrophage precursors. Ibid., The term ‘reticulum’ cell appears a useful omnibus word to describe all the mesenchymal cells of the lymphoreticular tissue which cannot at present be clearly categorised. Clearly as more is learned about these cells, fewer cells will fall within the category ‘reticulum cell’. Ibid. 122 The popliteal lymph nodes showed macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and a heterogeneous group of cells here described as reticulum cells. |