| 释义 |
practitioner|prækˈtɪʃənə(r)|
Also 6 practisioner, -itionere, -izioner, -ycioner, 6–7 -icioner.
[Erroneously extended from † practitian, practician, as if from a n. of action in -ition. But cf. the obs. and dial. logicianer, (-tioner), musicianer, physicianer (-cioner); also astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, etc.: see -er1.]
1. One engaged in the practice of any art, profession, or occupation; a practical or professional worker in anything.
a. gen.
1553Latimer Serm., Lord's Pr. vii. (1562) 56 b, Consider how long he hathe bene a practicioner: you muste consider what Satan is, what experience he hath, so yt we are not able to match with him. 1566Pasquine in Traunce 106 The Schole doctours, that take no payne with their doctrine,..ought to be called rather Speculatours, than Practicioners. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xvii. E iv, The ingenious Practisioner. Ibid. xxxv. L iij b, The diligent practizioner. 1704(title) English Dictionary..By Edward Cocker, the late famous practitioner in fair Writing and Arithmetic. 1798W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXV. 568 In Cimabu, Florence boasts the first native practitioner. 1827Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVI. 340 The most experienced practitioners in conscience were puzzled. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 341 Hence..the worthlessness of amateurs to cope with practitioners.
b. in medicine or surgery.
general practitioner, one who practises both medicine and surgery; a doctor who treats cases of all kinds (opp. to a consultant or specialist).
1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) C vij, An other singuler medecine..a thing experte of al the good practicioners. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. b iv b/2 M. Rabet, Chyrurgian at Paris,..the most experteste practitionere of his time. 1665J. Tillison in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 36 As is acknowledged by our practitioners in physic. 1791Gentl. Mag. 22/2 The use of the syringe is generally recommended by medical practitioners in deafnesses. 1848Dickens Dombey i, The family practitioner opening the door for that distinguished professional. 1860O. W. Holmes Prof. Breakf.-t. i, The ‘general practitioners’..had to recognize that people could get well, unpoisoned. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 503 Younger practitioners who have been alarmed at what they regarded as a sign of aneurism.
c. in law.
1598R. Barckley Felic. Man (1631) 398 Sollicitors..with all that rabblement of practitioners who devoure the substance of poore men. 1631Heylin St. George 80 A practitioner in the Parliamentarie Court in that City. 1725Lond. Gaz. No. 6384/8 John Saunders,..Practitioner of the Law. 1874Motley Barneveld I. x. 379 A regular practitioner at the Supreme Court of the Hague.
†2. One engaged in practising an art or occupation for the sake of acquiring or retaining skill in it; a learner, novice, beginner; a probationer. Obs.
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1663) 221 Certain others were late practitioners and novices in the Ministry. a1625Fletcher Nice Valour iv. i, I'll fit you with my scholars, new practitioners. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 6 The Practitioner in Navigation, is next to learn to know..the certain time of the Flowing and Ebbing of the Sea. 1766Entick London IV. 341, 11 sub-engineers, and 16 practitioners. 1776Court & City Reg. 166/1 Practitioner Engineers and Ensigns at 3s. 8d. a day. 1789Trifler No. 33. 420 The discordant sounds of uninstructed practitioners on the harpsichord. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. i. 105 The practitioner was then to assail the pel, armed with sword and shield..as he would an adversary.
3. One who practises anything; one who carries on a practice or action; a habitual doer.
1548Geste Pr. Masse in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 125 Ye private masse suppers is..blasphemouse to God and annoyous to the practycioners therof. 1617J. Moore Mappe Mans Mort. iii. viii. 240 Christians must be daily practicioners of Faith and Repentance. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 176 A self evident virtue, of which the practitioners only know the luxury. 1888Pall Mall G. 10 Nov. 4/2 The most conspicuous professor, or at any rate the most conspicuous practitioner, of the doctrine that statesmanship is superior to the trammels of moral obligation.
†4. One who acts on behalf of another; an agent. Obs.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 227 b, Naming also certen practicioners and messagers, by whose meanes chiefly the thing was wrought. 1561in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. xxiv. 243 Swadell, late Dr. Boner's servant: and yet thought to be a practitioner for him.
†5. One who uses artifice or trickery; a schemer, plotter, conspirator. Obs.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 44 He [Luther] is wel knowen to be such a practisioner, that there is no doubt, but suche thinges as are well written he..wil corrupt and depraue. 1601W. Watson Import. Consid. (1675) 77 Parsons and Heywood are found to be Practitioners.
Hence pracˈtitionery (rare), the practice of a (mere) practitioner; empiricism.
1818Edin. Rev. XXIX. 267 A character compounded of confident pretence on the one hand, and the merest practitionery on the other. 1842F. Black Homœop. i. 5 For such practitionery we know no better advice than that of the judicious Huxham..to peruse the Sixth Commandment. |