| 释义 |
▪ I. portrait
[F. portrait],
obs. pa. pple. of portray v., q.v.
▪ II. portrait, n.|ˈpɔətrət|
Forms: α. 6 purtrait, -e, -trayt, -e, 6–7 purtraict. β. 6 portrayt, 6–7 portrate, -traite, -tract, 6–8 portraict, 6– portrait. γ. 6 pourtreict, -tracte, 6–7 -traite, -trayt(e, -tract, 6–8 -traict, pourtrait.
[a. F. portrait, OF. also portret (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), obs. pourtrait, po(u)rtraict n., from portrait pa. pple. of portraire obs. to portray: cf. med.L. protractus plan, image, portrait, f. protractus, pa. pple. of L. protrahĕre: see portray.]
1. A figure drawn, painted, or carved upon a surface to represent some object.
a. A drawing, painting, or other delineation of any object; a picture, design (in general). Now rare or Obs.
1570Buchanan Chamæleon Wks. (1892) 43 Mony that hes nowther sene y⊇ said beist, nor na perfyte portraict of it. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. xi. (Arb.) 110 By this noble pourtrayt..Is plainely exprest..The sounde Pillar. 1606Holland Sueton. 24 The full pourtraict and proportion of which horse, he dedicated..before the Temple of Venus Genitrix. 1610― Camden's Brit. (1637) 97 The Britans Coines, the portracts whereof I have here shewed. c1620Mary Magd. 1271 Y⊇ pourtract of this outward frame. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 279 The portrait of Eve is much admired by all connoisseurs. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing vi. 333 The back-grounds of your portraits.
b. spec. (now almost always) A representation or delineation of a person, esp. of the face, made from life, by drawing, painting, photography, engraving, etc.; a likeness.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xiv. 97 The pourtractes and figures of the principallest amongst them. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. ix. 54 What's here, the portrait of a blinking idiot. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Poems 12 Draw thousand Pourtraits of her on your face. 1649Sc. Acts Chas. II (1819) VI. 363/1 Ordains His Royall Name, Portract and Seal to be used in the publick writings. 1710Steele Tatler No. 118 ⁋6, I would rather see you work upon History-Pieces, than on single Portraicts. 1858Lytton What will he do i. vi, The gentleman who wanted to take your portrait.
†c. A solid image, statue, effigy. Obs.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxix. 151 Prometheus..inuented the natural pourtractes with the fatte earth. 1600Fairfax Tasso xii. xciv, Her tombe was..built of polisht stone, and thereon laid The liuely shape and purtrait of the maid. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 144 On one side the gate stands a..great Elephant, on the other a Rhinoceros;..the portraicts are out of the shining Marble.
2. abstr. The action or art of making a portrait (in quot. 1846 in spec. sense: see 1 b); portraiture.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. i. (Arb.) 150 Th' excellent painter bestoweth the rich Orient coulours vpon his table of pourtraite. 1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. i. xiv. §14 That habit of the old and great painters of introducing portrait into all their highest works.
3. fig.
a. Something that represents, typifies, or resembles something else; an image, representation, type; likeness, similitude. (In quot. 1623 absol. A striking or impressive sight, a scene.)
1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 39 Poetes terme sleepe an image, or pourtraite of death. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xii. 23 Dreadfull pourtraicts of deformitee. c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas ii. 158 Then ȝoung Ascanius..His parents portrate perfectly presenting. 1623T. Goad Dolef. Euen-Song 16 If any man could looke in at those gates,..he would report such a pourtrait as was this spectacle. 1866Liddon Bampt. Lect. iv. (1875) 192 Jesus reveals a moral portrait.
b. A verbal picture or representation; a graphic or vivid description.
1596Bell Surv. Popery Ded., The liuely purtraite of the foure monarchies. 1738Warburton Div. Legat. I. 126 An exact Pourtrait of natural Religion. 1837Carlyle Misc. Ess., Mirabeau (1875) V. 242 Her portrait, by the seconding Marquis himself, is not very captivating.
c. Typogr. A format in which the height of an illustration or page is greater than the width; cf. upright a. 5 c. Often used as quasi-adj. or quasi-adv.
1932[see landscape n. 1 c]. 1956H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design iii. 16 The book is in fact taller than it is wide, and by analogy with the painter's method these proportions are sometimes called portrait. 1975J. Butcher Copy-Editing 304 Portrait, (1) the shape of a book or illustration is referred to as ‘portrait’ when its height is greater than its width; (2) if a table is ‘set portrait’ it is set upright on the page and not turned to read up the page.
4. attrib. and Comb., as portrait-collector, portrait-group, portrait-head, portrait-photographer, portrait-photography, portrait-sculpture, portrait-sketch, portrait-study, portrait-work; portrait-like adj.; portrait-bust, a bust giving an exact (i.e. not idealized) likeness; portrait-gallery, a gallery containing a collection of portraits, or the collection itself (also fig.); portrait-lathe, a lathe adapted for turning copies of busts or medallions; portrait-lens, a compound photographic lens adapted for taking portraits; portrait-painter, a painter of portraits; so portrait-painting vbl. n. (also fig.) and ppl. a.; portrait-ring, a ring with a miniature portrait set in it; portrait-statue (cf. portrait-bust); portrait-stone, a lasque or flat diamond used to cover a miniature portrait.
1887Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 22 Sept. 4/1 Governor Ames has given the sculptor..an order for a *portrait-bust.
1814W. H. Ireland (title) Chalcographimania; or, the *Portrait-Collector and Printseller's Chronicle.
1841Emerson Lect. Times Misc. (1855) 215 Why not draw for these times a *portrait-gallery? 1905J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly Cervantes in Eng. 4 To find place in Cervantes's rich portrait-gallery.
1911Encycl. Brit. XXII. 129/1 The magnificent *portrait groups at Haarlem by Hals..must also be mentioned. 1937Burlington Mag. Jan. 47/2 Concerning Cotes's portrait-group (represented by a colour plate), one may suspend judgment. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 452/1 He [sc. Gainsborough] also painted some small portrait groups in landscape settings.
1899Mackail Life Morris I. 277 A *portrait-head of the author.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Portrait Lathe, a lathe adapted to copying busts. 1905Westm. Gaz. 27 June 1/3 He was engaged in the Paris Mint, and while there invented a portrait lathe by which medallion dies of any size might be engraved in steel.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. xiii. 9 A pair of quick-acting *portrait Lenses.
1789T. Twining Aristotle's Treat. Poetry (1812) II. 378 With too close and *portrait-like delineation of general nature.
1758N.Y. Gaz. 21 Aug. 3/3 Thomas Milworth, *Portrait Painter, Has removed to the House of Mr. Samuel Deall in Broadstreet. 1780J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Oct. (1965) 260 Methinks I would not be a portrait painter upon any condition whatever. 1797Tweddell Rem. xxvii. (1815) 155 Mad. Le Brun is most decidedly the best portrait-painter in Europe. 1856Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 277, I have a friend, who has constituted herself a portrait-painter. 1959Observer 29 Mar. 7/2 You have no idea what portrait painters suffer from the vanity of their sitters.
1765T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. s.v. Portrait, We use the term *portrait-painting, in contradistinction to history painting. 1791Boswell Johnson 18 Apr. an. 1775, He thought portrait-painting an improper employment for a woman. 1821H. C. Robinson Diary 2 Dec. (1967) 71, I have finished Waverley... Its merit lies in portrait and scene painting. 1840Carlyle Heroes iii. (1872) 96 It is in what I called Portrait-painting,..that Shakspeare is great. 1842Dickens Let. 2 Apr. (1974) III. 179 My portrait-painting friend told me.
1875tr. Vogel's Chem. Light xiv. 150 *Portrait-photography makes greater demands than any other branch on the good taste of the photographer.
1898Daily News 8 Aug. 5/6 The above *portrait-pictures must include some 5,000 faces, to say nothing of busts, half, quarter lengths, and full figures.
1877W. Jones Finger-ring 496, I have mentioned several *portrait-rings of remarkable interest.
1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xxii. 709 *Portrait-statues of private individuals.
1904Daily Chron. 15 Apr. 3/4 A very excellent *portrait-study, a tender and loving reminiscence of the high-spirited,..noble-hearted woman.
▪ III. † ˈportrait, v. Obs. or rare.
Forms: see portrait n.
[Represented first in pa. pple. portraited (found earlier than portrait n.), being app. an extended form of the ME. (orig. French) pa. pple. portrait (see portray v.); this implied a vb. portrait, which appears after 1550.]
1. trans. To make a portrait, picture, or image of: = portray v. 1. (Also with forth, out.)
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 84 b, In it was the whole spere [= sphere] portrated. 1581Savile Tacitus' Hist. ii. ii. (1591) 54 She [Venus] is not elswhere purtraited so. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. v. 12 To pourtraict beauties Queene. 1596R. L[inche] Diella (1877) 73 To..portraite forth thy Angel-hued beautie. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xxiv. 243, I am far from their opinion who damne it for superstition to portract that Glorious Virgin or her Babe. 1689tr. Buchanan's De Jure Regni 32 The perfect Image of the true Helena, pourtracted with her lively Colours. 1864Duke of Manchester Court & Soc. I. xi. 216 To sit to a limner to be ‘portraited’, as the phrase ran. 1908Daily Chron. 3 Apr. 4/4 We are not puffed and paragraphed and portraited in the papers.
2. fig. To represent or describe graphically, to set forth: = portray v. 3 b, 4. (Also with forth, out.)
a1581N. Woods Conflict of Consc. i. i. A iij, I will therefore in breefe purtraict and paint him out. 1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 25 That Christ did portrait out for the regiment of his Church. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. §6 Our learned Knight Eliot setting his pen to portrait a perfect Gouernour. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. ii. §13 The Authour..doth pourtraict and describe the Bounty and Church-buildings of that King.
3. a. transf. To draw or make (a picture, figure, or image): = portray v. 1 b.
1552Huloet, Portraytynge of ymages in mettall or stone, sculptura. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 47 No image or picture, howe well soeuer it bee painted and purtrayted, is to be compared with the forme and figure of mans bodie. 1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 107, I caused to be pourtrayted on my shield the Impresa of the Swan. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vii. v. 9 To pourtraict this on a..Plane, first draw the Horizontal Line.
b. fig. (cf. 2).
1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 52, I will pourtrait and set before your eyes, a patterne and image thereof, first conceived in minde or imagination. 1613Drummond of Hawthornden Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 125 As those images were pourtraicted in my mind.
Hence † ˈportraiting vbl. n.
1552[see 3]. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 455 Such delineation and portraiting of Christ. |