| 释义 |
▪ I. summary, n.|ˈsʌmərɪ|
[ad. L. summārium, neut. sing. of summārius (see next).]
1. A summary account or statement.
1509in Leadam Sel. Cases Star Chamber (Selden Soc.) I. 200 To make a breuiat wodurwise called a summary of al his charteris. 1539Tonstall Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 48 This confession conteyneth the hole summarye of our faythe. 1542–3Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1 §4 The..cutting out of any quotacion or summaryes of chapiters expressed..in any suche Bybles. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 131 Here's the scroule, The continent, and summarie of my fortune. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. iv. §26 205 The Apostles Creed is the Summary and Abridgment of that faith which is necessary for a Christian. 1724Waterland Athanas. Creed iv. 63 Closing This Chapter..with a Table representing a Summary, or short Sketch of what hath been done in it. 1865Pusey Truth Engl. Ch. 237 What he draws out at length is stated in summary..by Divines or Canonists in the Roman Communion. 1878R. W. Dale Lect. Preach. viii. 231 Sometimes when I have finished a book I give a summary of the whole of it. 1880Haughton Phys. Geog. v. 219 The following summary of the North American lakes.
Comb.1884E. Yates Recoll. II. iv. 144 The important office of summary-writer in the House of Commons.
†2. The sum and substance of. Obs. rare.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII, 11 The summarye of their commyssion was to conclude a truce for a tyme. 1621T. Williamson tr. Goulart's Wise Vieillard 126 An aduise to wise old men, conteining the summarie and substance of their dutie.
3. The highest point or summit; also, the ultimate outcome. rare.
1851Carlyle Sterling ii. ii, This battle..of ‘all old things passing away’ against ‘all things becoming new’, has its summary and animating heart in that of Radicalism against Church. 1858― Fredk. Gt. x. i. (1872) III. 198 A pleasant Lake..: the summary, or outfall, of which..is called the Rhein. 1866― Inaug. Addr. 176 Valour..the crown and summary of all that is ennobling for a man.
4. Special Comb.: summary punch, a card punch that automatically punches the results obtained by a tabulator from a number of other cards; hence as v. intr.; summary-punched a., summary punching vbl. n.
1935Astron. Jrnl. XLIV. 180/1 The wiring for the tabulator and summary punch is changed very little during the cycle. 1949E. C. Berkeley Giant Brains iv. 50 The reproducer..can..summary punch, or copy totals or summaries obtained in the tabulator into blank cards in the reproducer. 1956G. A. Montgomerie Digital Calculating Machines viii. 154 Automatic punches can also be connected to the tabulator to act as summary punches. 1957N. Chaplin Introd. Automatic Computers xv. 341 Summary punching produces, by machine, cards that may contain variable and modified information derived from other cards. Ibid. 342 A summary punch machine..usually does not produce more than one hundred summary punched cards per minute. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing iv. 75 The summary punch can punch information coming from the registers of the tabulator.
▪ II. summary, a.|ˈsʌmərɪ|
[ad. med.L. summārius (recorded in class. L. only in neut. n., see prec.), e.g. in cognitio summaria (Grosseteste), inquisitio summaria (Bracton); f. summa sum n.1: see -ary1. Cf. OF. sommier, F. sommaire (see summar), Pr. sommari, It. sommario, Sp. sumario, Pg. summario.]
1. Of a statement or account († occas. a term): Containing or comprising the chief points or the sum and substance of a matter; compendious (now usually with implication of brevity).
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 29, xv. chapitres bene contexte, not as summary, but as conteynenge necessarily the knowlege of the yle of Bryteyne. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. i. Wks. 1168/1 A summarye commendacion of tribulacion. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) I. 1/2 To declare as in a summary table, the misguiding of that church. 1590Greenwood Answ. Gifford 19 Yt [sc. the Lord's Prayer] being the most summary forme of prayer. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 321 Most of his summary Aphorisms, I have answered before. 1693Dryden Juvenal (1697) Argt. 2 A summary and general view of the Vices and Follies reigning in his time. 1788Reid Aristotle's Logic iv. §1. 67 We have given a summary view of the theory of pure syllogisms. 1836Penny Cycl. V. 165/1 (Book-keeping) The summary journal, in registering these same purposes, throws away all consideration of particular persons..by raising a single account comprehending them all under the general name of ‘bought ledger’. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 9 A summary sketch of what he had done and suffered.
†b. General, not detailed. Obs.
1529More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 309/2 The summary effecte of hys boke. 1532― Confut. Tindale ibid. 395/1 The summarye purpose and effect of Tyndales doctrine. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 445 A Man..having nothing but a summary Notion of Religion himself.
c. transf. Characterized by or involving conciseness and brevity.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 28 Chief poyncts I purpose too touche with summarye shortnesse. 1610North's Plutarch 1206 Pouertie is a kind of temperance, and need may be called a summarie obseruation of the lawes. 1783Burke Rep. Indian Committee Wks. 1808 II. 133 The matter which appears before them, is, in a summary manner, this: The Decca merchants [etc.].
2. Law. Applied to proceedings in a court of law carried out rapidly by the omission of certain formalities required by the common law. Similarly of a court-martial. (The corresp. use of summarily is recorded much earlier.)
summary jurisdiction: the determination of cases expeditiously without reference to the ordinary requirements of the common law.
In Scottish law, summary application: an application to a court or a judge without the formality of a summons or full procedure. So summary action, summary cause, summary diligence.
1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. iv. i. §9 Bills of complaint..may be all tried by a summary action. 1798Bay's Rep. (1809) I. 49 Trials in a summary way deprive the subject of the inestimable trial by jury. 1826Bell Comm. Laws Scot. (ed. 5) II. 480 All those acts of statutory jurisdiction are declared to be competent on summary application. Ibid. 481 That one acting as agent for the trustee..though not by the Act expressly subject to summary jurisdiction, is.. held to be liable to the same summary proceedings for recovery of..documents. 1835Tomlins Law Dict. s.v. Conviction, The process of these summary convictions is extremely speedy. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. vi. (1852) 240 In cases of summary jurisdiction, or those adjudged by the commissioners and justices, there is little or no delay and little or no expense. 1861Brougham Brit. Const. xv. 220 A member arrested for debt was liberated by a summary application to the Crown. 1867Chamb. Encycl. IX. 206/1 Summary Diligence, in the practice of the law of Scotland, means issuing execution without the formality of an action. 1877–81Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. Suppl. s.v., When a person subject to military law and being on active service with any body of force is charged with an offence, a summary court-martial may be convened, and shall have jurisdiction to try such offence.
3. Performed or effected by a short method; done without delay. (Cf. summarily 3, which is earlier.)
1713Swift Cadenus & Vanessa Wks. 1841 I. 681/2 The judge..Directed them to mind their brief; Nor spend their time to show their reading: She'd have a summary proceeding. 1771Junius Lett. lxiv. (1788) 336 The mode of trial..and kind of evidence necessary to convict..are..too summary. 1775Sheridan Rivals iii. i, He has too summary a method of proceeding in these matters. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. iii. 34 It put into their heads the idea of summary vengeance. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xiii, He cleared the table by the summary process of tilting everything upon it into the fire-place. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. §2 (1882) 476 The new weapon was put to a summary use.
†4. Consisting of or relating to a mathematical sum or summation. (Cf. summatory.) Obs. rare.
1588Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 280 Materiall number is a summarie collection of things numbred. 1805James Milit. Dict. (ed. 2), Summary arithmetic, the art of finding the flowing from the fluxion.
†b. transf. Cumulative. Obs. rare.
1816Accum Chem. Tests (1818) 55 The united effects produced by the summary action of several tests.
†5. Highest; supreme. Obs. rare.
1587Greene Euphues his Censure Wks. (Grosart) VI. 203 Sith Nestor..had..attayned to the summary perfection of wisedome. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. i. §3 Hee doth insinuate that the supreame or summarie law of Nature..is not possible to be found out by Man. Ibid. i. vi. §6 The two summarye parts of knowledge. 1733P. Shaw tr. Bacon's De Sap. Vet. i. ix. Expl., Philos. Wks. I. 569 There is one summary or capital Law in which Nature meets, subordinate to God. |