| 释义 |
polyvalent, a.|pəˈlɪvələnt|
[Hybrid f. poly- + valent.]
1. a. Chem. = multivalent. Now usu. with pronunc. |pɒlɪˈveɪlənt|.
1881Williamson in Nature 1 Sept. 417/1 Polyvalent atoms can combine partly with one element, partly with another, and also..like atoms can combine with one another. 1950N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 177 The polyvalent state of gold..is much more stable than the monovalent. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xxiv. 510 With all other polyvalent species of atom accounted for, the side chain..must consist of three linked carbon atoms. 1975Nature 6 Nov. 19/1 The formation of a ring structure by a protein factor or possibly polyvalent ions, the use of the ring as a nucleating centre, [etc.]..were discussed.
b. Med. = multivalent a. b.
1912Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CXLIV. 815 The complement fixation test (using a polyvalent antigen) for gonococcus antibodies should prove an addition to our methods of diagnosticating between..gonococcus infection and..other causes. 1951Whitby & Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 5) vi. 72 When an antigen in colloidal solution is mixed with antibody under suitable conditions a precipitate of antigen-antibody complex appears. Most of the precipitate consists of antibody, since antibody molecules in general are larger than those of antigens, whilst antigens are polyvalent and each molecule combines with two or more molecules of antibody. 1975Nature 11 Sept. 103/1 Interaction of divalent or polyvalent ligands (for example, antibodies, lectins) with cell surface structures on lymphocytes and many other cell types induces redistribution of the largely diffuse binding sites into clusters and into highly polarised single aggregates or ‘caps’.
2. Med. Having the property of counteracting various poisons or affording immunity against various species of micro-organism.
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 574 One can easily obtain polyvalent antivenenes. 1905H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 155 The hypodermic injection of a bactericidal serum which is polyvalent. 1929[see botulin]. 1965C. Andrewes Common Cold xix. 168 ‘Polyvalent’ vaccines—those effective against many bacteria or viruses—are very fine in theory. 1966Jrnl. Immunol. XCVII. 517/2 A third antigen preparation consisted of a single polyvalent antigen prepared by combining equal amounts of the 12 flexner stock antigens and a stock Shigella sonnei antigen.
3. = multivalent a. 3.
1957S. Ullmann Style in French Novel 20 Stylistic elements, it will be remembered, are ‘polyvalent’; the same device may produce several effects, and conversely, the same effect may be obtained from several devices. 1960E. Delavenay Introd. Machine Transl. iii. 36 The grammatical value of polyvalent words. 1966New Statesman 25 Feb. 266/2 The colour-symbolism in [Tarsis'] Red and Black is pervasive and bafflingly polyvalent. 1975J. De Bres tr. Mandel's Late Capitalism viii. 268 Full automation reduces the number of semi-skilled workers and gives rise to a new and highly skilled polyvalent work force. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 294 The analyst will be tempted to ignore the systems based on very general concepts yielding the simplest description for all languages in favor of a very specific system adapted to the specific language of the texts to be recorded: the kind of simplicity he will look for is of the monovalent rather than of the polyvalent type.
Hence poˈlyvalence, the character of being polyvalent; multivalence; also stressed polyˈvalence.
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Apr. 918 The polyvalence of the amboceptor would be more difficult to understand [etc.]. 1971Archivum Linguisticum II. 104 Now he writes..about the polyvalence of the injunctive—including s, ā and ē stems. In spite of this polyvalence he thinks that there is a common core in the subjunctive and preterite use of these stems. |