| 释义 |
pneumo-|pnjuːməʊ-, njuː-|
combining form and verbal element, a. Gr. πνεῦµα wind, spirit, etc. (see pneuma), = the fuller form pneumato- (cf. Gr. αἱµο- = αἱµατο-, etc.), in various scientific terms. b. Short for pneumono-, f. Gr. πνεύµων, -µον-, lung; chiefly in terms of pathology, most of which occur also in the fuller form pneumono-.
For the more important of these in either sense, see their alphabetical places.
‖ pneumocace |pnjuːˈmɒkəsiː| = pneumonocace. ‖ ˌpneumocarciˈnoma = pneumonocarcinoma. ˈpneumocele |-siːl| [Gr. κηλή tumour], hernia of the lung. ˌpneumoconiˈosis (also -kon-) [Gr. κόνις dust; first formed as G. pneumonokoniosis (F. A. Zenker 1866, in Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med. II. 171)], disease of the lungs produced by inhalation of dust; hence ˌpneumoconiˈotic a., affected with pneumoconiosis; n., a pneumoconiotic person. ˌpneumodyˈnamic a. [dynamic], acting by the force of air. ˌpneumodyˈnamics [after hydrodynamics], that branch of physics which treats of the forces exerted by air or gases (esp. in motion); pneumatics. ‖ ˌpneumo-empyˈema Path. [empyema], the presence of air or gas together with pus in a cavity of the body. ‖ ˌpneumo-enteˈritis [enteritis], name introduced by Klein for ‘swine-fever’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). ‖ ˌpneumo-ˌhæmoˈthorax, Path. [cf. hæmothorax s.v. hæmo-], the presence of air or gas together with blood in the pleural cavity (A. Flint Princ. Med. (1866–80) 152). ˌpneumoˌhydroˈthorax, Path. [cf. hydrothorax], the presence of air or gas together with watery fluid in the pleural cavity (Ibid.). ˈpneumolith |-lɪθ| [Gr. λίθος stone], a stony concretion or calculus in the lung; so ‖ pneumolithiasis |-lɪˈθaɪəsɪs|, the formation of pneumoliths. ˌpneumomyˈcosis = pneumonomycosis. ˌpneumo-peritoˈnitis Path., peritonitis caused or accompanied by the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. ˌpneumo-ˈphthisis Path., pulmonary phthisis (Dunglison Med. Lex. 1853). ‖ ˌpneumo-pleuˈritis, inflammation of the lung and pleura; pleuro-pneumonia. ˌpneumopyoˈthorax Path. [pyothorax], the presence of air or gas together with pus in the pleural cavity (A. Flint). ‖ pneumorrhagia |-ˈreɪdʒɪə|, hæmorrhage in the lung, pulmonary apoplexy. pneumoˈskeleton, a hard external structure (exoskeleton) developed in connexion with a respiratory organ, e.g. the shell of a mollusc in connexion with the mantle; hence pneumoˈskeletal a. (Syd. Soc. Lex.). pneuˈmotomy [after anatomy, etc.], (a) dissection of the lungs; (b) incision into the lung. pneumo-ˈtyphoid a., applied to typhoid fever accompanied with pneumonia. pneumo-ˈtyphus, (a) pneumo-typhoid fever; (b) typhus fever accompanied with pneumonia.
1862N. Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 196 Traumatic *Pneumocele. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. II. 41 Hernia of the lung, or pneumocele is a rare consequence of a punctured wound of the thorax.
1881Med. Times & Gaz. 28 May 589/1 (heading) The pathology of *pneumokonioses. 1890Billings Med. Dict., Pneumoconiosis. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 242 Pneumoconiosis, pneumonoconiosis, or..‘Dusty-lung-disease’..has attracted but little attention in this country. 1905H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 85 This train of events most often follows..the pneumokonioses. 1908T. Oliver Dis. of Occupation ix. 247 There are various forms of dust diseases of the lungs, or pneumokonioses, e.g., anthracosis..; chalicosis and silicosis..; and byssinosis. 1940H. E. Collier Outl. Industr. Med. Pract. xxxix. 356 The general object of the tests has been to find a means of checking the interpretation of the X-ray appearances and thereby to provide an early method of recognizing the outset of any of the pneumoconioses before the onset of the disablement. 1953Jrnl. Path. & Bacteriol. LXVI. 235 Simple pneumokoniosis..is characterised by numerous small discrete aggregations of dust in which only a little fibrosis occurs. 1969Daily Tel. 5 Feb. 18 (Advt.), The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council has been asked to consider whether any change should be made in the definition of pneumoconiosis in the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1965. The disease is at present defined in the Act as fibrosis of the lungs due to silica dust, asbestos dust or other dust, and including the condition known as dust reticulation. 1976S. Wales Echo 27 Nov. 6/9 The cause of death was given as broncho-pneumonia due to recumbency following a fracture of the left femur, and pneumoconiosis.
1944Rep. Advisory Cttee. Treatment & Rehab. Miners in Wales Region Suffering from Pneumokoniosis 17 The *pneumokoniotic lung, especially at the massive nodulation stage is in special degree liable to become tuberculous. 1948Hansard Commons 15 Mar. 1846 Reference has been made to the..Grenfell factories in South Wales for silicotics and pneumoconiotics. 1963K. M. A. Perry in Perry & Sellors Chest Dis. I. xxxi. 566 In 1,036 pneumoconiotic lungs which he examined, he found evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 43 per cent.
1876Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XVI. 286 A new telegraphic machine called a ‘*Pneumo-dynamic’ Relay Sounder, where the local battery is replaced by compressed fluid,..condensed air.
1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 111 General Properties of Fluids in Motion. (Hydro- and *Pneumodynamics.)
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 361 In the case of *pneumo-empyema the pericardial sac may contain air, as well as pus.
1900Field 1 Sept. 374/1 Swine fever, with its several names of typhoid fever of the pig, soldier, red disease, *pneumo-enteritis.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Pneumolith, pulmonary concretion. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 250 Another peculiarity of the dust of stone is that it tends to collect in masses, forming concretions (pneumoliths).
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Pneumomycosis. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 257 Hughes Bennett in 1842, described the first example of pneumomycosis.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Pneumoperitonitis, term for the condition in which air finds entry in the peritoneal cavity.
1811Hooper Dict. Med., *Pneumopleuritis, an inflammation of the lungs and pleura. 1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Pneumopleuritis,..(should be Pneumonopleuritis).
1842Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pneumorrhagia, Hæmoptysis. 1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 274 Pneumorrhagia, or the extravasation of blood into the air⁓cells and frequently also into the interstitial tissue, is commonly known as pulmonary apoplexy.
1851Woodward Mollusca i. 35 The shell may be regarded as a *pneumoskeleton.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pneumotomy, dissection of the lungs. 1890Billings, Pneumotomy, incision of the lung to open a cavity.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 812 These cases are known as *pneumo-typhoid.
1890Billings, *Pneumotyphus, typhoid fever with croupous pneumonia. |