| 释义 |
mizen, mizzen Naut.|ˈmɪz(ə)n|
Forms: 5 meseyn, 5–7 meson, 6 mizine, myszen, mesen, myssyne, myssen, missonne, mysson, Sc. mozan, 6–7 misen, 6–8 missen, misne, 7 myson, meisseine, mison, miszen, mizon, mizan(e, 7– mizen, mizzen.
[a. F. misaine (in mod.Fr. foresail, foremast; c 1381 migenne in Hatz.-Darm.), believed to be ad. It. mezzana mizen-sail; the It. word is fem. of mezzano middle. Cf. Sp. mesana, Pg. mezena foresail, Du. bezaan (earlier bezane), G. besan (-mast, -segel) mizen.
The agreement of the use in Eng. and It. suggests that the divergent use in mod.Fr. is not original; the statement that It. mezzana originally meant ‘mainsail’ seems to be merely a conjecture based on the etymological meaning of the word, the precise implication of which is uncertain: some have suggested that it may be ‘middle-sized’.
The 16th c. musall (Sc.) and myssyll (see quot. c 1515 s.v. main-mizen) appear to be synonymous, but their relation to this word is obscure.]
1. a. (Also mizen-sail.) A fore-and-aft sail set on the after side of the mizen-mast. Often used as synonymous with spanker, but more correctly applied to the ‘mizen trysail’, set instead of the spanker in stormy weather. † Formerly also applied to a sail of similar shape serving as the principal sail in certain small craft.
1465Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 200 Item, for a yerde for a meseyn, xvj.d. 1485Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 37 Blokkes for the meson with iij sheves of brasse. Ibid. 41 Meson sailes..ij. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Heise the mysȝen, and change it ouer to leuart. 1591Percyval Bibl. Hisp., Dict., Messana vela, the mizine saile. 1601Holland Pliny II. 1 Yet are not wee content with a single maine saile..vnlesse..we haue fore-sailes and sprit-sailes in the Prow, misnes also hoised vp..in the Poupe;..and all to set vs more forward vpon our death, and to hasten our end. 1609John Dory vii. in Child Ballads V. 132/2 They hoist their sailes, both top and top, The meisseine and all was tride-a. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea lix. 138 To fight with sprit-saile and myson, and top-sayles loose. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 389 This tempest..forced us..to lie by the Lee without more sail than the mizzen. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 16 Loose the Misne in the Brailes. 1670Covel Diary (Hakl. Soc.) 130 A small vessel with a meson and stay sail. 1694Narborough, etc. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy ii. 2 We..drove with our Missen-sail towards South-east. 1715J. Edens in Phil. Trans. XXIX. 318 Their Sails [sc. of a Caravel] are all Mizen Sails, that is, Triangular. 1748Anson's Voy. i. vii. 73 We were obliged..to continue under a reefed mizen till eleven at night. 1886R. C. Leslie Seapainter's Log vi. 130 The Dean is correct in his description of what was known in those days as bagpiping the mizen, by hauling the mizen-sheet to windward.
b. In figurative context.
1579Puttenham Partheniades in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. III. 477 Thou strike mizzen, and anker in his porte. a1619Fletcher Wit without M. i. ii, My sister is a goodly portly Lady,..she spreads satten, as the Kings ships doe canvas, every where she may spare me her misen, and her bonnets strike her maine petticoate, and yet outsaile me. 1702Vanbrugh False Friend iii. ii, There may be foul weather there too. I reckon at present he may be lying by under a mizen at the street door.
2. = mizen-mast. Now rare.
1583Hayes Narr. Gilbert's Voy. in Hakluyt (1811) III. 190 The Golden Hind succeeded in the place of Vizadmirall, and removed her flagge from the mizon unto the foretop. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 357 Streamers that belonged to the Main-Mast, the Misne, and other fitting places for them. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 13 In great ships they haue two misens, the latter is called the boneauentuer misen. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 169 This carries four masts..4. the mizen, which is placed in the stern almost over the helm. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v. Admiral, The white St. George's cross at the main, fore, or mizen.
3. attrib. and Comb. in the sense ‘pertaining to, connected with, or near the mizenmast or mizensail’, as mizen-boom, mizen-brail, mizen-cap, mizen-halyard, mizen-lift, mizen-light, mizen-parrel, mizen-peak, mizen-pole, mizen-rigging, mizen-royal, mizen-sheet, mizen-shroud, mizen-skysail, mizen-stay, mizen-staysail, mizen-tack, mizen-truck, † mizen-tye. Also mizen-sail (see 1), mizen-mast, mizen top, etc.
1485Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 36 Meson shrowdes. Ibid. 49 Meson lyftes... Meson halyers... Meson perell... Meson shetes... Meson tyes. 1626Capt. Smith Acc. Yng. Seamen 14 The mison stay. 1667Dryden & Davenant Tempest i. i, Get the Misen-tack aboard. Haul aft Misen-sheet! 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 456 Hanging white flags..on the mizen peak. 1757in J. S. McLennan Louisbourg (1918) 209 Fore stay sail, Main and Mizen stay sail all blown away. 1768J. Byron Narr. Patagonia (ed. 2) 206 Which he desired might be hung up in the mizen-shrouds. 1835Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. xlvi. 594 Carrying away the mizen-boom. 1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. i. i. 4 Mizen royal yard 16 ft. Mizen skysail yard 10 ft... Mizen pole 9 ft. 1905Daily Graphic 17 Jan. 4/4 Watching the mizzen truck swing among the stars. 1964R. E. Lloyd in Roving Commissions 1963 228 On again next day with, to our joy, a mizzen staysail breeze. |