| 释义 |
‖ plein-air
(also plain-air),
from the Fr. phrase en plein air |ɑ̃ plɛ̃nɛr| ‘in the open air’ (lit. ‘in full air’): used attrib. to denominate certain impressionist schools and styles of painting, which originated in France about 1870, and aimed at the representation of effects of atmosphere and light that cannot be observed in the studio. Also used to designate work painted out of doors, or representing out-door scenes.
1894Nation (N.Y.) 14 June 444/2 Mysticism has misled M. Rochegrosse into a plein-air problem, in which the meaning of his ‘Chevalier aux Fleurs’ is less puzzling than his ignoring of all values. 1898Daily News 15 Feb. 8/5 Another of the plain-air painters of this show. 1902L. Bénédite in Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 443/1 The ‘plein-air’, or open-air, school. 1930Observer 6 Apr. 13 The giant Constable, the first of the plein air moderns. 1947[see impressionistic a.]. 1970Daily Tel. 9 July 12 Dame Laura never succeeded in liking town life. It was the wind and the sun and wild places that were her real loves and it was as a plein air painter of sunlight on landscapes and seascapes that she first succeeded. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 822/1 The expression ‘plein air’..implies a style of painting which emphasizes the impression of the open and of spontaneity and naturalness. On the other hand it also indicates an actual technique of painting, which involved more than working in the open direct from nature instead of the older practice of composing a finished picture in the studio from rough sketches done on the spot. 1974Country Life 6 June 1436/2 The impact of these plein air (in effect if not in fact) pictures.
Also plein-ˈairish a., resembling or characteristic of the plein-air school of painting; plein-airism, -isme |-ism|, the theories and practices of the plein-airists; plein-airist, a painter of the ‘plein-air’ school; plein-airiste |-ist| = plein-airist.
1891Academy 6 June 544/3 ‘Impressionists’, ‘tâchistes’, ‘plein airistes’, and ‘pointillistes’, to use the jargon of the day. 1893Sketch 6 Sept. 321/1 Admirers may..get a glimpse of the great pleinairist as he passes. 1897Daily Tel. 10 Feb. 9/6 These pretty illustrations, from the designs of the well-known French plein-airiste and figure painter, Raphaël Collin, are delicate and graceful even to the verge of effeminacy. 1900Edin. Rev. July 193 The English plein-airists are too well known to need special mention. 1931A. Huxley Music at Night 65 Bernini is, spiritually speaking, a plein-airiste. 1932New Statesman & Nation 23 Jan. 93/1 Finally, with the emulation of his pleinairish friends, Manet loses not only his distinction of rhythm, but a great deal of his feeling for colour. Ibid., It [sc. the Demoiselles au bord de la Loire].. marks the beginning of the long and triumphant development of pleinairism. 1946Penguin New Writing XXVIII. 142 To imagine now an art of landscape into which plein-airisme had never intruded..it is impossible. 1959Listener 9 Apr. 633/2 Go careful with the washing tub And do not spill the crystal slops Lest any of the escaping drops Should water down the pleinairiste Delights of Lady Tristram's feast! 1961Ibid. 12 Oct. 571/2 It was necessary at the time..to talk about plein airism as though it was nothing else but a campaign against the time-worn clichés of the academic tradition. 1969R. Mayer Dict. Art Terms & Techniques 299/2 The artists specifically called pleinairistes were a group of Impressionists of the 1880's and 1890's, notably Camille Pissaro.., Claude Monet.., Alfred Sisley.., and Pierre Auguste Renoir. 1972D. Sutton Lett. Roger Fry I. 9 Fry was suspicious of Impressionism, by which he meant (I suspect) the watered-down pleinairisme of Bastien-Lepage, so popular in England, or the fragile pastiches of Whistler's followers. 1974Country Life 28 Feb. 421/3 The historical emphasis..is on plein air-ism and the freshness and spontaneity of handling it produced. 1978Times 17 Oct. 10/6 Some really wonderful paintings by the plein-airists of the 1880s on, whether it be McTaggart..or Guthrie. |