| 释义 |
phyto-|ˈfaɪtəʊ, ˈfɪtəʊ|
combining form of Gr. ϕῠτόν a plant, lit. that which has grown, f. ϕύειν to produce, pass. and intr. to grow; used in forming scientific words, chiefly botanical.
As the υ in Gr. ϕυτόν is a short vowel, the etymological pronunciation of phyt- in all the following words is |fɪt|; but the general tendency in English to view y as a long ī, as in my, cry, etc., has made the (etymologically erroneous) pronunciation |faɪt| all but universal: it is adopted in all the pronouncing dictionaries from Walker onward.
phytoˈbenthos [benthos], the aquatic flora of the region at or near the bottom of the sea. phytobiˈology, the biology of plants; hence phytobioˈlogical a. phytobranchiate |-ˈbræŋkɪət| a. Zool. [see branchiate], of a group of isopodous crustaceans: having leaf-like gills. phytoˈchemistry, the chemistry of plants; so phytoˈchemical a., phytoˈchemically adv.; also phytoˈchemist, an expert or specialist in phytochemistry. † phyˈtochimy [F. chimie chemistry] = phytochemistry (Webster 1847). ˈphytochlore [Gr. χλωρός green] = chlorophyll. phytoˈcollite Min. [Gr. κόλλα glue + -ite1], name proposed for certain jelly-like hydrocarbons found in peat. phytoˈecdysone Biol. [ecdysone; prob. first formed in Jap.], any substance that occurs in a plant and causes moulting in insects. phytoˈflagellate [flagellate n.], a plant-like flagellate belonging to the subclass Phytoflagellata or Phytomastigophore. phytogelin |-ˈdʒɛlɪn| [gelatin) + -in1], the gelatinous matter of Algæ (Treas. Bot. 1866). phytoglyphy |faɪˈtɒglɪfɪ, fɪ-| [Gr. γλυϕή: see glyph], nature-printing, as originally used for plants; hence phytoˈglyphic a. phytoˈmania nonce-wd., a mania for collecting plants. phytomelin |-ˈmɛlɪn| [Gr. µέλι, L. mel honey (in reference to its colour and appearance)] = rutin. phytoˈmitogen, a mitogen derived from a plant. phytoˈmonad [a. mod.L. order name Phytomonadina, f. generic name Phytomonas (C. Donovan 1909, in Lancet 20 Nov. 1496/2) + monad 4], a phytoflagellate belonging to the order Phytomonadina. phyˈtonomy [see -nomy], the science of the laws of plant-growth. ˌphytopalæonˈtology, vegetable palæontology, study of fossil plants; hence ˌphytopalæonˈtologist. ˌphytopaˈthology, the study of the pathology or diseases of plants; hence ˌphytopathoˈlogical a.; phytopaˈthologist, one versed in phytopathology. phyˈtophilous a. [Gr. ϕίλος friendly], plant-loving: esp. of insects. phytophthirian Entom. |-ˈfθaɪrɪən| [Gr. ϕθείρ louse], (a) adj., pertaining to the Phytophthiria or plant-lice; (b) n., a member of this group, a plant-louse. ˌphytophylogeˈnetic a., relating to the phylogeny of plants. ˌphytophysiˈology, vegetable physiology. phytoˈscopic a. [Gr. σκοπεῖν to view], caused by sight of plants: said of the effect of surrounding vegetation on the colour of a larva. † phyˈtoscopy: see quot. phyˈtosophy, knowledge of plants; botany (Oken). phyˈtosterin [Gr. στερεός solid]: see quot. 1881. ˈphytotaxy [Gr. τάξις arrangement], systematic botany. ˌphytoteraˈtology, vegetable teratology. ˌphytoviˈtellin [L. vitell-us yolk], a globulin occurring in many seeds, and agreeing in all its reactions with vitellin from egg-yolk.
1931R. N. Chapman Animal Ecol. xvi. 333 The *phytobenthos is along the shore or in the littoral region. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 127 (caption) Other organisms listed include zooplankton, phytobenthos, zoobenthos, and fishes. 1973Nature 6 Apr. 415/2 The rates of..photosyntheses of phytoplankton and phytobenthos..have been made [sic] using carbon-14.
1887Athenæum 26 Feb. 292/3 Sir J. Lubbock read the second part of his *phytobiological observations.
1890Ibid. 1 Mar. 278/3 There remains a large collection of memoirs on general botany and *phyto-biology.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex. 959/1 *Phytochemical. 1877Chem. News 4 May 185/1 (heading) On phyto-chemical processes. 1921Experiment Station Rec. XLIII. 820 (heading) Phytochemical investigations on indigenous and naturalized plants. 1972Nature 21 Jan. 134/1 The joint meeting of the Phytochemical Society and the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain on plant constituents of pharmacological interest.
1972Science 9 June 1131/2 Schultes has repeatedly suggested that these additional ‘peyote’ cacti be examined *phytochemically.
1969H. Erdtman in Harborne & Swain Perspectives in Phytochem. v. 109 That symposium was important because it brought together scientists of different specializations, botanical taxonomists, *phytochemists and chemists interested in biosynthetic problems. 1972Nature 28 Apr. 469/2 The contributors are leading specialists in umbellifer taxonomy..together with many other scarcely less eminent systematists and phytochemists.
1837Phil. Mag. X. 247 (heading) A report of the progress of *phytochemistry in the year 1835. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 636 Phytochemistry, the Chemistry of Plants. The most comprehensive treatise on this subject is that of Rochleder, published at Leipzig in 1854. 1912Carnegie Inst. Year Bk. 49 The chief problems of the Department have been taken to lie in the domain of phyto-chemistry, in the water-relations of plants, and in the environic reactions of organisms. 1968Jrnl. Chromatogr. XXXVI. 22 Methods for the separation and identification of microquantities of phenolic glycosides are of great importance for work in phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and chemotaxonomy.
1866Treas. Bot., *Phytochlore, green colouring matter; chlorophyll.
1881H. C. Lewis in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XX. 117 *Phytocollite.
1968Tetrahedron Lett. July 3883 Four additional *phytoecdysones have now been isolated from the leaves [of Podocarpus macrophyllus]. Interestingly, these new phytoecdysones..have steroid skeletons with 28 and 29 carbon atoms. 1974Hikino & Takemoto in W. J. Burdette Invertebr. Endocrinol. ii. 187 The occurrence of phytoecdysones in plants raises the question whether they have any beneficial or adverse effects on the plants themselves or on the phytophagous animals in their natural habitat... The leaves of Morus species and Podocarpus macrophyllus which are known to contain considerable amounts of phytoecdysones, are food of the larvae of the moths, Bombyx mori and Milionia vasalis pryeri, respectively. 1978Nature 9 Mar. 122/1 The generic term ‘phytoecdysones’ should be abandoned.
1947Palestine Jrnl. Bot. IV. 14 Prymnesium parvum Carter is a *phytoflagellate belonging to the order of the Chrysomonadales, differing from other members of this order in the presence of an immobile spine-like third flagellum, a feature unique among phytoflagellates. 1951Hutner & Provasoli in A. Lwoff et al. Biochem. & Physiol. Protozoa I. 29 The phytoflagellates are a heterogeneous group occupying a systematic position at intersections of plant and animal lines of descent. 1957New Biol. XXIII. 93 This phytoflagellate [sc. Prymnesium parvum] was first blamed for mass fish mortality in Holland and later in Denmark. 1973M. A. Sleigh Biol. Protozoa i. 2 The cell possesses the basic components of a phytoflagellate, including flagella, nucleus, plastid,..and other..inclusions.
1864Webster, *Phytoglyphic,..relating to phytoglyphy. *Phytoglyphy,.. the art of printing from nature, by taking impressions from plants, or other objects.
1855E. R. Lankester Macgillivray's Nat. Hist. Dee Side & Braemar 63 This risk incurred for the mere chance of finding a few rare plants..one can hardly designate it by any other name than *Phytomania.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 636 *Phytomelin or Plant-yellow. A name proposed by W. Stein for rutin, on account of its wide diffusion in the vegetable kingdom.
1961Marshall & Capon in Lancet 8 July 104/1 We suggest that until more is known about their structure, factors extracted from plants which exhibit mitogenic activity, be referred to as *phytomitogens. 1964Ibid. 21 Nov. 1101/1 These observations suggest that the distribution of ‘phytomitogens’ in the plant kingdom may be more widespread than is recognised. 1974Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXXXIX. 1553 The lymphocyte response to phytomitogens is generally considered to be nonspecific.
1926G. N. Calkins Biol. Protozoa v. 279 *Phytomonads with a bivalve shell, or at least a membrane which splits easily to form two lens-like halves, as in Phacotus lenticularis. 1953R. P. Hall Protozool. iv. 151 Lipids, although usually not abundant, are stored by many phytomonads. 1961R. D. Manwell Introd. Protozool. xiv. 174 Most of the phytomonads are rather small, roundish forms.
1864Webster, *Phytonomy.
1883Science 6 Apr. 252 The nature of some impressions described by *phytopaleontologists as remains of fossil Algæ.
Ibid. 253 The evidence..renders great service to *phytopaleontology.
1889Cent. Dict., *Phytopathological. 1909B. M. Duggar Fungous Dis. Plants 4 The foundations were laid for a more careful study of the fungi from a phytopathological point of view. 1959Ann. Rev. Microbiol. XIII. 224 The term ‘toxin’, in the phytopathological literature, is used in the general sense of a poisonous substance generated by the pathogen regardless of its chemical nature. 1962W. Carter Insects in Relation to Plant Dis. p. vii, There..has been a growing awareness of the toxicogenic insect as a phytopathological agent.
1886Cassell's Encycl. Dict., *Phytopathologist. 1893E. A. Ormerod in Autobiog. & Corr. xx. (1904) 218 One of our leading European Phytopathologists. 1917J. W. Harshberger Text-bk. Mycol. & Plant Path. xxiii. 271 A study of phytopathology..presupposes that the would-be phytopathologist is acquainted with plant morphology, systematic botany..histology, cytology, embryology, genetics, physiology, [etc.]. 1958Austral. Jrnl. Biol. Sci. XI. 275 The problem of disease resistance in plants has exercised the minds of phytopathologists for more than half a century.
1864Webster, *Phytopathology,..an account of diseases to which plants are liable. 1891Vet. Jrnl. XXXII. 253 Phytopathology afforded many instances of local death of a part produced by the parasite. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXI. 754/2 ‘Phytopathology’ or plant pathology..comprises our knowledge of the symptoms, course, causes and remedies of the maladies which threaten the life of plants, or which result in abnormalities of structure that are regarded, whether directly injurious or not to life, as unsightly or undesirable... As a branch of botanical study it is of recent date. 1976Nature 12 Feb. 449/1 A large proportion of the money devoted to agricultural research in the UK is spent on phytopathology and crop protection and has enabled the production of virus-free and disease-resistant crops.
1880Nature 12 Feb. 364/1 On the method and data of *phyto-phylogenetic research.
1854H. Spencer in Brit. Q. Rev. July 115 Biology, Organosophy, Phytogeny, *Phyto-physiology, Phytology.
1892Poulton in Trans. Entom. Soc. X. 294 The effect cannot be phytophagic in the strict sense of the word, but rather *phytoscopic, inasmuch as the colour of the surface of the leaf rather than its substance acts as the stimulus.
1730–6Bailey (folio), *Phytoscopy,..a viewing and contemplating or considering plants.
1854H. Spencer in Brit. Q. Rev. July 115 He [Oken] says..‘Biology, there⁓fore, divides into Organogeny, *Phytosophy, Zoosophy’.
1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. ii. 1624 *Phytosterin, C26H4O... A neutral substance, identical or homologous with cholesterin, obtained from Calabar beans by extraction with petroleum⁓ether. 1897Naturalist 47 Various higher alcohols and phytosterin being present therein as bases.
1883L. F. Ward Dynamic Sociol. I. 120 *Phytotaxy.
1898tr. Strasburger's Bot. i. 154 The study of the abnormal development of plants is called *Phytoteratology. |