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Pennsylˈvanian, n. and a.
[f. Pennsylvania + -an.]
A. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Pennsylvania.
1685[see Quakeristical a.]. 1747G. Whitefield Let. 6 May in Wks. (1771) II. 94 The Pensylvanians I am sure will soon regret the loss of you. 1755in S. M. Hamilton Lett. to Washington (1898) I. 99 The Road upon which the Pennsylvaneans were Employ'd. 1782‘J. H. St. John de Crèvecœur’ Lett. from Amer. Farmer 58 Europeans..become..either Pennsylvanians, Virginians, or provincials, under some other name. 1838Southern Lit. Messenger IV. 165/1 Mr. Ingersoll, being a Pennsylvanian, stands impartial between the two extremes of the Union. 1862Evening Post (N.Y.) 21 May 1/2 Words of warm congratulation were sent to the dashing Pennsylvanian by the Commanding General. 1910Harper's Mag. Aug. 473/1 Georg Shock..is a Pennsylvanian. 1939[see insomniac]. 1953W. Moore Bring Jubilee (1955) xx. 194 It was the Fourth of July, and a day of victory and rejoicing for all Pennsylvanians. 1967National Observer (U.S.) 3 July 12/2 True to tradition, the Pennsylvanians are the best shots in the brigade. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIV. 28/2 Pennsylvanians still tend toward the Republican Party in state elections. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 1 July 3-B/2 Schapp urged all Pennsylvanians to listen to their message with an open mind.
2. Geol. The Pennsylvanian period or system.
1906Chamberlin & Salisbury Geol. II. x. 556 In the arctic regions of America, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are not differentiated. 1960J. M. Weller Stratigr. Princ. & Pract. xii. 441 Fossils are rare and of little service in separating the Mississippian from the Pennsylvanian. 1969[see Mississippian n. and a. A. 2]. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 207 The Pennsylvanian started with a new transgression of the sea over the low land of the central North American continent.
B. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Pennsylvania or its people.
1698G. Thomas Hist. & Geogr. Acct. Pensilvania & W. New-Jersey 2 They (as the Pensilvanian Indians) observe the New Moons with great Devotion. 1785H. Marshall Arbustrum Amer. 51 Pennsylvanian Sharp⁓keyed Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). 1853A. Bunn Old Eng. & New Eng. I. viii. 167 Mr. Nicholas Biddle..issued the notorious Pennsylvanian bonds. 1959Chambers's Encycl. X. 536/2 Pennsylvanian oil production is relatively much less important although quality is high.
2. Geol. Of, pertaining to, or designating a period and system of the Palæozoic Era in North America that succeeded the Mississippian and preceded the Permian, and corresponds more or less to the Upper Carboniferous in Europe.
1891Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 80. 5 The Coal Measures or Pennsylvanian series. 1906Chamberlin & Salisbury Geology: Earth History II. x. 539 (heading) The Pennsylvanian (coal measures, Carboniferous proper) period. Ibid., The need of a name to distinguish this system of rocks from those which have been described under the name Mississippian has long been felt, and the name Pennsylvanian, which has recently come into wide use in this country, was adopted because the system is well developed and well known in Pennsylvania. 1933[see Mississippian n. and a. B. 2]. 1945Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXIX. 128 The coal, oil, gas, ceramic clays, and other minerals found in rocks of Pennsylvanian age greatly exceed the value of the mineral resources found in any other system. 1960J. M. Weller Stratigr. Princ. & Pract. vi. 176 Pennsylvanian coal up to nearly 100 feet thick has been mined from several ancient Missouri sink holes of moderate or small size. |