| 释义 |
▪ I. courage, n.|ˈkʌrɪdʒ|
Forms: 4–7 corage, curage, (4–6 corrage, 5 curag, coreage, 6 currage, courra(d)ge, 7 corege), 5– courage.
[ME. corage, a. OF. corage, curage, later courage = Pr. and Cat. coratge, Sp. corage, It. coraggio, a Common Romanic word, answering to a L. type *corāticum, f. cor heart. Cf. the parallel ætāticum from ætāt-em (age); and see -age.]
†1. The heart as the seat of feeling, thought, etc.; spirit, mind, disposition, nature. Obs.
c1300K. Alis. 3559 Archelaus, of proud corage. c1386Chaucer Prol. 11 Smale fowles maken melodie..So priketh hem nature in here corages. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. xxxiii. (1869) 20 What thinkest in thi corage? c1430Stans Puer 5 To all norture thi corage to enclyne. c1500Knt. Curtesy 407 in Ritson Met. Rom. III. 213 In his courage he was full sad. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 57 This soft courage makes your Followers faint. 1638Drummond of Hawthornden Irene Wks. (1711) 163 Men's courages were growing hot, their hatred kindled. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 41 The Spaniards..attacked it with all the force and maistry the greatest courages were able to invent.
†b. transf. Of a plant. Obs. (Cf. ‘To bring a thing into good heart.’)
c1420Palladius on Husb. xi. 90 In this courage Hem forto graffe is goode.
†c. Applied to a person: cf. spirit. Obs.
1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer (1577) V j b, The prowes of those diuine courages [viz. Marquesse of Mantua, etc.]. 1647W. Browne Polex. ii. 197 These two great courages being met, and followed by a small companie of the most resolute pirates.
†2. What is in one's mind or thoughts, what one is thinking of or intending; intention, purpose; desire or inclination. Obs. (Cf. ‘To speak one's mind’, ‘to tell all one's heart’.)
c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2446 Lo her, sire, a litel page! That schal sai the thi corage. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 10 Swich a greet corage Hadde this knyght to been a wedded man. 1484Caxton Chivalry 7 Fayr frend what is your corage or entent. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 277 Ye mayster dyscouered to her all his courage, how that he loued her. 1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 93 b/1 The romaines had a great corage to conquere straunge realmes. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 289 Many were taken of their owne courage, which might have scaped if they had list. 1607Shakes. Timon iii. iii. 24 I'de such a courage to do him good. a1626Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law xxii. 81 The law..shall..make construction that my minde and courage is not to enter into the greater bond for any menace.
†3. Spirit, liveliness, lustiness, vigour, vital force or energy; also fig. Obs.
a1498J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 2 Thei..were greved with colde and rayne, that thei hade no coreage to feght. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 505 In the Cardinals of Rome, Pride, Auarice, and Lechery are in their greatest Courage. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 249 They have horses of excellent courage. 1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4182/4 A Chesnut Mare..of great Courage.
†b. Anger, wrath;
c. Haughtiness, pride;
d. Confidence, boldness. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. (Harl.) 1154 The hunt[e] strangled with wilde bores corage. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour F iij b, [She] became..so grete of courage that also to the kynge her lord she bare not so grete reuerence as she ought. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 285 Every man cryed and besought the king to have mercy..for Gods sake refraine your courage, ye have the name of sovereigne noblenesse. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. x. 30 Trompart..Besought him his great corage to appease, And pardon simple man. 1608Middleton Trick to catch i. i, I will..set so good a courage on my state, That I will be believed.
†e. Sexual vigour and inclination; lust. Obs.
1541Barnes Wks. (1573) 329/1 By the reason that priestes are so hoate of courage, and can not keepe theyr chastitie. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 129 If the Bull be not lusty enough about his businesse..his courage is also stirred up by the like odours. 1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Justin 56 Darius horse..by reason of the courage had to the Mare, forthwith neighed alowde. 1615Crooke Body of Man 45 If they be taken away, the iollity and courage of the Creature is extinguished.
4. That quality of mind which shows itself in facing danger without fear or shrinking; bravery, boldness, valour.
1375Barbour Bruce v. 208 A knycht off gret corage..That thaim comfort with all hys mycht. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxxv. 3 Seith ȝee of litil corage, taketh coumfort. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxv. §10 The faith of Christ..armeth us with patience, constancy, and courage. 1667Milton P.L. i. 108 Courage never to submit or yield. 1783Watson Philip III (1793) II. v. 99 He possessed..the virtues of political and martial courage. 1839Thirlwall Greece IV. 409 Evagoras..had raised himself by his courage and prudence to the throne. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 75 Courage to defy the world. 1887T. Fowler Princ. Mor. ii. i. 24 We speak of a man's courage in undertaking some financial, literary, or political enterprise, or in sustaining some misfortune, or in braving public opinion where he believes himself to be in the right. In this application the term is often qualified as Moral Courage. Ibid. 25 Courage in the original sense of the term [the readiness to face physical dangers], that is, Physical Courage.
†b. Formerly also in pl. in reference to a number of persons. (Cf. hearts.) Obs.
1545T. Raynalde Byrth Mankynde D 2 The gud courages of al honest enterpreysers in those matters & al other. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1191 Every man..gave God the praise, for taking away the Turkes courages. 1675Shadwell Psyche 111, If danger cou'd our courages remove. 1697Dryden Virg. æneid v. (1806) III. 107 Their drooping courages he cheer'd. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 98 Undaunted are their courages, Right Cossacks in their forages.
c. (with a and pl.) A kind or species of courage; an instance of courage. rare.
1886Tupper My Life as Author 92 But there is nothing like flight: it is easy and speedy, and more a courage than a cowardice. 1888Wolseley in Sat. Rev. 4 Aug. 136/1 As for Charles Gordon, he had all the courages—the courage of instinct, of religion, of contempt of life.
d. Phrases, as to take courage, be of good c. (obs. or arch.), pluck up c., lose c., etc. Dutch courage: bravery induced by drinking (colloq.). the courage of one's convictions or opinions [F. le courage de son opinion, cited 1864]: courage in action equal to the courageousness of one's opinion; courage to act consistently with one's opinions.
c1490Caxton Blanchardyn xli. (1890) 154 Bycause they sholde take a better corage for the persone & sight of her. 1535Coverdale 1 Chron. xix. 13 Take a good corage vnto the, and let us quyte oure selues manly. 1611Bible Josh. i. 9 Be strong, and of a good courage. ― 2 Chron. xv. 8 He tooke courage, and put away the abominable idoles. 1728Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 42, I pluck'd up courage enough to speak to her. 1826Scott Woodst. xii, Laying in a store of what is called Dutch Courage. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 104 He took courage and entered. 1873H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. viii. 188 A dose of brandy, by stimulating the circulation, produces ‘Dutch courage’. 1878Huxley Physiogr. Pref. 8, I never could muster up the courage..to undertake the business. 1878Morley Diderot II. 12 He is one of Swift's Yahoos, with the courage of its opinions. 1883J. Payn Thicker than Water xxxviii. (1884) 306 That courage of his opinions which he never failed to display against any odds. 1887Hall Caine Life Coleridge i. 21 [He] believed in the efficacy of the birch, and had the courage of his convictions.
e. As an exclamation: = Take courage! Cheer up!
1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 111 What man, corage yet. 1784Cowper Tirocinium 787 But courage, man! methought the muse replied. 1855Tennyson Maud ii. 111, Courage, poor heart of stone!
†5. to the courage of: so as to awaken or increase the courage of, to the encouragement of.
1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 7 To the great corage, boldnesse, and comforte of the seid evyll doers. 1531Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 1 Many clerkes conuicte were..suffered to make their purgacions, to the greate corage of euyll doers. 1659Vulg. Err. Cens. 5 To the cowardise of themselves, or the courage of their enemies.
▪ II. † courage, a. Obs. rare—0.
[f. prec. n.]
‘Stout’ of body. Hence † courageness.
c1440Promp. Parv. 92 Corage or craske, crassus, coragiosus. Ibid., Coragenesse or craskeness, crassitudo.
▪ III. † ˈcourage, v. Obs.
Also 5–6 cor(r)age.
[f. courage n.: perh. partly aphetic (in Eng. or AF.) for acorage, OF. acorager: see accourage (the Eng. examples of which are however late).]
trans. = encourage. (Very common in 16th c.)
1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xv, Ye must courage yourself or els ye ben al shente. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 11 b, And corage them the more to lerne. 1535Coverdale Hos. iv. 8 They..corage them in their wickednesse. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. lxxviii. 91 He coraged them to stand. 1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 242 Consecrate and courage your hands and voyces to the vastation of Jericho-walls.
Hence ˈcouraging vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1545Brinklow Compl. viii. (1874) 22 It is a great coragyng to hym to troble his neyhbor. 1570R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 36 He lacketh teaching, he lacketh coraging. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burn. Pestle Ind., A couraging part. |