| 释义 |
▪ I. passport, n.1|ˈpɑːspɔːt, -æ-|
Forms: 6 passe-, passporte, (pase-, paspourte), 6–7 passeport, pasporte, (erron. 6 paspote, pastport, 7 passeboard), 6–8 pasport, 6– passport, (7 pass port, 7–8 pass-port). β. 7 passo-porto.
[a. F. passeport (15th c. in Littré) = It. passaporto, f. passe, passa, imper. of passer, passare (see passe-) + port, porto, port, seaport.]
†1. Authorization to pass from a port or leave a country, or to enter or pass through a country. letters of passport, a letter or document giving such authorization; = sense 2. Obs.
c1500Cov. Corp. Chr. Plays (E.E.T.S.) 23/670 Youre pase-porte for a C deyis Here schall you haue of clere cummand, Owre reme to labur any weyis. 1521Dk. Albany in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. I. 287 Send me ȝor lettres of passe⁓port for my said secretaire. c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 36) 276 His sowldiers, covenauntinge with the Normans for free pasporte. 1555Eden Decades 237 To cary theym [cloues] frome thense into other regions, they paye for pasporte .xviii. fanans the bahar. 1585in Tolstoy 1st 40 Yrs. Interc. Eng. & Russ. (1875) 266 [He] sent certein his folkes owte of our countrey..without our princelie knowledge or lycence, and without pasport letters. 1606in Capt. Smith's Wks. (Arb.) Introd. 37 Suffer no man to return but by pasport from the President and Counsel.
2. a. A formal document authorizing a person to pass out of or into a country or state, or to pass through a foreign country; in the latter case orig. = safe-conduct, and granted usually with defined limitations of destination, time, and purpose; but gradually extended in use, until it now means a document issued by competent authority, granting permission to the person specified in it to travel, and authenticating his right to protection.
1546Earl of Surrey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. III. 286 Now ther resteth nothing to be don, but their paspourte and redy dispatch from you. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 227 b, Aduisinge the Frenche kyng..to send to him an Herault, to fetche a saue conduyte & pasport. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1567) 43 In time of warre it is euill trauailing without a passeport [1580 pasport]. 1573–80Baret Alv. P 172 A Passport, or safe conduct to passe. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. viii. (1821) 111 To graunt mee..your passeport and Safe-conduct through all your Garrisons. 1655Digges Compl. Ambass. 326 The Lord Levingston desireth most earnestly to have a passport to pass through England. 1665Evelyn Diary 24 Apr., I was commanded to go with him to the Holland Ambassador, where he was to stay for his passport. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pass-port, a licence, or letter from a prince, or governor, granting liberty and safe-conduct to travel, enter, and go out of his territories, freely and without molestation. The pass-port is, properly, given to friends; and the safe-conduct to enemies. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 304/2 Passport, a printed permission signed by the secretary of state of the home department of a country, which allows a subject of that country to leave it and go abroad. When he has obtained this, the bearer must have his passport signed by the minister or agent of the state to which he intends to proceed... Such a document states the name, surname, age, and profession of the bearer, and serves as a voucher of his character and nation... The system of passports..has become much more rigid and vexatious during the last half century. The only civilised countries in which passports are not required are the British Islands and the United States of North America. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc. s.v., In France, and in many continental countries, home passports are necessary for the native traveller. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 7 The French, during their intrusive occupation of Spain, introduced the severe machinery of police and passports.
†b. A permit for discharged inmates of a hospital, soldiers, paupers, etc. to proceed to a specified destination, and (often) to ask alms on the way. Obs.
1548Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI, c. 2 §10 No Captain..shall give to any of his Soldiers..any Licence or Passports to depart from his Service. 1552in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. xvi. 308 At their departure [as cured], to geue vnto them a passe⁓porte. Ibid. 336 [Form of] A passeport to be deliuered to the Poore [to pass them to their place of nativity]. 1574in N. & Q. 9th Ser. (1903) XII. 414/2 To a pore man having a paspote to go to the Cytie of Bathe, vjd. 1575Nottingham Rec. IV. 158, iij. sodyors havyng a pasport to pase frome Oxford to New Castyll'. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 196 Ere we farther passe I will devise A pasport for us both in fittest wize, And by the names of Souldiers us protect: That now is thought a civile begging sect. 15971st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. i. i. 184 Thou migh[t]st betake thyselfe in forma pauperis to a boxe and a passporte. 1601Cornwallis Ess. (1632) v, Counterfaits [which]..begge under the Passe-port of Love.
c. transf. (See quots.)
1696Brookhouse Temple Open. 2 These Marks confirm and ratifie their Claim, and give them a Passo-porto to enter into the Millennium, which is the promised Land of the Christians. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Pope 12 Feb., They are heirs-general to all the money of the laity; for which, in return, they give them formal passports, signed and sealed for heaven. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 79 (Russian funeral) The priest produces a ticket, signed by the bishop and another clergyman, as the deceased's passport to heaven. 1839E. D. Clarke Trav. Russia 36/1 This is what all you foreigners call the passport; and you relate, in books of travels, that we believe no soul can go to Heaven without it..it is nothing more than a declaration, or certificate, concerning the death of the deceased.
3. Naval. A document granted to a neutral merchant-vessel, esp. in time of war, by a power at peace with the state to which it belongs, authorizing it to proceed without molestation in certain waters; a sea-letter.
1581L. Aldersey in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 183 Our captaines pasport and the gift of 100 chekins discharged all. 1642Ord. & Declar. Lords & Comm. 20 Oct. 3 Other Vessels,..not having on board them a Pasport or Licence from the Commissioners of the Admiralty. 1798Nelson 25 Oct. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 158 You will grant Passports for all Vessels which the Inhabitants may wish to send to Sicily. 1838Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XVII. 112 Passport, or Pass,..is also a permission granted by any state to navigate some particular sea, without hindrance or molestation. 1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
4. A licence to import or export dutiable goods without paying the usual duties, or contraband goods on payment of the duties.
1715Lond. Gaz. No. 5344/2 The Pass-port..granted to the Prussian Minister for sending from this Country 14225 Cannon Balls. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Pass-port..a licence granted by a prince for the importing, or exporting merchandizes, &c. without paying the duties... Pass-port is also a licence obtained for the importing or exporting of merchandizes deemed contraband, and declared such by tariffs.
5. fig.
a. An authorization or permission to pass or go anywhere; † a dismissal (obs.).
15..in Rel. Ant. I. 250 Kepe hym as longe as he cann lyve, And at hys ende hys paseport geve. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Epil. 7 Goe lyttle Calender, thou hast a free passeporte. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxii. vi, Without his praise No nights, no daies Shall pasport have to go. 1631Celestina xviii. 182, I will give him his passe⁓port, I warrant you, unlesse hee betake him to his heeles, and runne away from me. 1634W. Wood New Eng. Prosp. (1865) 108 This little Pappouse travells about with his bare footed mother to paddle in the Icie Clammbankes after three or foure dayes of age have sealed his passeboard and his mothers recoverie. 1691J. Wilson Belphegor v. iii, I made his passport for t'other world about four years since. 1706E. Baynard in Sir J. Floyer Hot & Cold Bath. ii. 318 She told me that she was in a dying condition, and..I wished her a comfortable passport to the other World. 1831Lytton Godolphin iii, Give me free passport hereafter to come and go as I list. 1837Southey Wks. I. p. xxx, The approbation of the reviewers served as a passport for the poem to America. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 47 The Phoenicians, true to their general policy..to trade with those countries only where trade was its own passport and its own security.
b. That which gives the right or privilege of entry into some society, state, or sphere of action; a warrant of admission.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 22 Neyther Phylosopher nor Historiographer, coulde..haue entred into the gates of populer iudgements, if they had not taken a great pasport of Poetry. a1700Dryden Death of Anyntas 76 His pass⁓port is his innocence and grace. 1715South Serm. (1727) IV. viii. 339 Without a Passport from the Judgment, it [Religion] will never gain a full and free Admittance into the Affections. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey i. vii, In England personal distinction is the only passport to the society of the great. 1827Lytton Pelham xlvi, If you are rich enough to afford it,..there is no passport to fame like eccentricity. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 185 The man to whom intellectual ability was the surest passport for attention.
c. A certificate intended to introduce, or secure admission; a voucher.
1578Whetstone Promos & Cassandra i. iii. B ij b, La. Thou shalt haue a Pasporte. Ros. Yea, but after what sorte? La. Why, that thou wart my man. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 5 For a more ratefied pasport..that I haue read it and digested it, this title it beareth. 1601Shakes. All's Well iii. ii. 58 Looke on his Letter Madam, here's my Pasport. 1676G. Towerson Decalogue 124 Looking upon their images as..fit passports of his worship. 1757Foote Author ii. Wks. 1799 I. 153 What apology can you make me, who was your passport, your security? 1875Fortnum Majolica v. 50 A few of these forgeries..have found their way into public museums under a false passport.
†d. Authorization (to do something). Obs.
15971st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. i. 783 When ragged pedants have there pasports sealde To whip fonde wagges for all there knaverie. 1605Chapman All Fools Ded., Plays 1873 I. 111 Least by others stealth it be unprest, Without my pasport, patcht with others wit.
6. attrib. and Comb., as passport clerk, passport holder, passport letter (see 1), passport number, passport office, passport officer, passport official; passport control, (a) regulation of the issuing and inspecting of passports; (b) the department or office at a port, airport, etc., which checks passports; † passport-maker (humorous), a maker of ‘passports’ to another world, a halter-maker; passport photo(graph), (a) the identification photograph in a passport; (b) a photograph of the size required for passports; passport port, a port for the entrance of which by foreigners a passport is required.
1862F. A. Trollope Marietta I. ii. 32 Drawn with an accuracy which..might move the envy of a passport clerk.
1947Auden Age of Anxiety i. 17 An ordered world Of planned pleasures and passport-control. 1948M. Laski Tory Heaven i. 6 A lifetime of devoted service in Passport Control. 1960‘R. East’ Kingston Black vi. 60 Passport control would report when she left the country and returned. 1966C. Mackenzie My Life & Times V. 43 We were lucky to have a Minister like Sir Francis Elliot..; he agreed to this experiment in passport control. 1973W. McCarthy Detail iii. 150 He walked across the airport towards passport control. 1976CRC Jrnl. July 3/2 The UK passport holders from East Africa have a right to settle in Britain.
1788Lond. Mag. 136 The gentleman..was a very eminent passport or halter-maker.
1971M. Kelly 25th Hour i. 15 He opened the other page..closed the passport and held it out... He took a pen..and wrote something down. I said, ‘What's that?’ ‘Your passport number.’ 1976‘M. Barak’ Secret List H. Roehm xiv. 139 He checked names, addresses, and passport numbers.
1849I. Spencer Let. 14 Aug. in U. Young Life Fr. Ignatius Spencer (1933) iii. ii. 165, I write from the Belgian passport office. 1975Times 14 June 6/3 Long queues form at passport offices [in Angola] and 40,000 passports are already on order from Lisbon.
1950P. Bottome Under Skin i. 16 The passport officers are in the dining saloon. 1958L. van der Post Lost World of Kalahari viii. 193 There was a group of vigilant painted animals assembled on a ledge rather like passport officers at a frontier. 1975D. Bloodworth Clients of Omega xxiv. 235 The Passport Officer said..‘May I see your passport, please?’
1922M. Arlen Piracy iii. vi. 89 The passport officials at the ports. 1961J. Barlow Term of Trial i. vi. 127, I got my passport photo to show you. 1975‘A. Hall’ Mandarin Cypher x. 150 Passport photos are only ever good for a giggle.
1935J. Buchan House of Four Winds iii. 84 The passport photograph isn't unlike him. 1939G. Greene Confid. Agent i. ii. 50 Life seemed determined to make him look less and less like his passport photograph. 1965G. Lyall Midnight plus One ii. 17 There is one passport photograph only. 1966N. Freeling King of Rainy Country 85 Switzerland confirmed that nobody would bother checking such well known passport photographs.
1898Westm. Gaz. 12 May 2/2 Talien-Wan has now been at different times 1. A free port. 2. An open port. 3. A treaty port. 4. A passport port.
▪ II. ˈpassport, v.
[f. passport n.1]
trans. To furnish (or trouble) with a passport.
1824Blackw. Mag. XV. 473 Parched, passported,..plundered, starved, and stenched, for 1200 miles. 1885G. W. Cable Creoles of Louisiana xii. 81 Their ships must be passported. |