| 释义 |
▪ I. parson|ˈpɑːs(ə)n|
Forms: α. 3–6 persone, 3–7 person, (4–5 -oun, 5 -un, 6 -onne). β. 4 parsonne, -oun, 4–6 -one, 4– parson.
[ME. persone, a. OF. and AF. persone (12th c. in Littré, 1292 in Britton), later OF. (Picard) parsoune (1466 in Godef.), AF. parsone, parson (Littleton):—L. persōna (see person), in med.L. ‘rector of a parish’: see Note below.]
1. a. Eccl. A holder of a parochial benefice in full possession of its rights and dues; a rector. parson imparsonee: see imparsonee. parson mortal, p. immortal: see β. quot. 1706.
αc1250Lutel Soth Serm. 51 in O.E. Misc. 188 Þes persones ich wene ne beoþ heo noȝt for-bore. c1290Beket 561 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 122 Person, preost, oþur ȝwat-so he beo. Ibid. 176/2425 Of priores and of persones: and manie oþur clerkes al-so. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 80 Persones [B. parsons] and parisch prestes playneþ to heore Bisschops, Þat heore Parisch haþ ben pore seþþe þe Pestilence tyme. c1386Chaucer Prol. 478 A good man was ther of Religioun And was a poure Person [v. rr. persoun, -one, parson] of a toun. c1449Pecock Repr. 394 That the louȝen curatis as persouns and vikers of paraschenis ben stabili endewid in her riȝt. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 20 A patrone of a benefice wil have a poore yngrame soule to beare the name of a persone for xx marke. 1625Burges Pers. Tithes 61 The Person of Whitwell being sued for taking away a Horse for a Mortuary.
β [1314–15Rolls of Parlt. I. 313/1 Au Priour de Launseton, Parsone de la dite ville.] c1325Poem Times Edw. II 55 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 326 Sone so a parsoun is ded and in eorthe i-don, Thanne shal the patroun have ȝiftes anon. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 422, I haue be prest and parsoun passynge thretty wynter. 1449Paston Lett. I. 87, j scholere of Cambryg, qweche is parsone of Welle. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 119 b, The parson and vicar wyll have for a mortuary, or a coarse present, the best thynge that is about the house. c1630Risdon Surv. Devon §192 (1810) 205 Whose prior was parson thereof, and had a vicar endowed there. 1691Case of Exeter Coll. 40 If a meer Lay-man be inducted into a Benefice, he is, whilst he continues in possession, a Parson de Facto. 1691Bp. Stillingfl. Charge 15 A Vicar cannot appoint a Vicar, but a Parson may. And altho that Name among some be used as a Term of Reproach, yet in former Ages Personatus and Dignitas were the same thing; and so used here in England in the time of Henry II. 1706Phillips, Parson Mortal, the Rector of a Church, made for his own Life, was formerly so call'd,..but a Collegiate or Conventual Body, to whom the Church is for ever appropriated, was styled Persona Immortalis, or Parson Immortal. 1709Ord. in Counc. 13 Jan. in Lond. Gaz. No. 4508/1 All Parsons, Vicars and Curates within this Realm. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xi. 384 A parson..is one that hath full possession of all the rights of a parochial church... He is sometimes called the rector..of the church: but the appellation of parson, (however it may be depreciated by familiar, clownish, and indiscriminate use) is the most legal, most beneficial, and most honourable title that a parish priest can enjoy. 1901Sprott Bk. Com. Order Introd. 49 note, The word parson is used in lists of clergy till 1645 to mark those who had the whole tithes of a parish, like Rector.
†b. grey (grey-coated, grey-coat) parson: an impropriator or farmer of the parish tithes. Obs.
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. T. 1830in Cobbett's Rural Rides (1886) I. 123 note. 1847–78in Halliwell.
2. Extended successively, in popular use, so as to include a vicar, or any beneficed clergyman; a chaplain, a curate, any clergyman; a nonconformist minister or preacher. In the more extended sense only colloq., and (exc. in rural use) usually more or less depreciatory or dyslogistic.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 932 When all aloud the winde doth blow, And coffing drownes the Parsons saw. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 480 The Foxe was well induc'd to be a Parson. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle vi. 2383 The country parson may, as in a string, Lead the whole parish vnto anything. 1666South Serm. I. 204 Call a man Priest or Parson, and you set him in some Mens Esteem, ten Degrees below his own Servant. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 311 Mr. Baxter, the famous nonconformist parson, is lately dead. 1720Gordon & Trenchard Independ. Whig (1728) 187 After a Coach and Six, the next Trappings of Domestick Grandeur, are a Page, Plate, and a Parson. 1771Horne in Junius Lett. li. 264 Popular prejudice..is violent against the parson. 1799H. More Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 15 The clergy are spoken of under the contemptuous appellation of The Parsons. 1825Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 9 This information I had from Parson Hunt, who happened at the time to be in London. 1827Sporting Mag. XX. 59 The interruption [of a prize fight]..through the intervention of a grocer at Hungerford, and a Methodist parson. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede i, Which was ye thinkin' on, Seth,..the pretty parson's face or her sarmunt? 1899Daily News 29 May 5/4 ‘Mr. C.! He ain't a parson. He's a Man’, with great emphasis on the ‘man’. ‘He's a downright Christian man. That's what he is.’
3. transf.
a. From the black coat of a clergyman, applied to animals with black fur or markings, as a black lamb, a black rabbit, or to birds with black feathers, as the Isle of Wight parson, the cormorant. See also parson-bird.
1806Guide to Watering Places 176 The cormorant, called by the sailors ‘the Isle of Wight Parson’. 1827P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 312 The chase we had with the shag, alias cormorant, alias ‘parson’. 1853W. D. Cooper Sussex Gloss., Parson, the hake... So called from the black streak on its back. 1881Leicester Gloss., Parson, a large black beetle; a cockroach. 1886Elworthy W. Som. Word-bk., Parson,..a black rabbit... A farmer when rabbiting cried out to me..there's a parson! shoot thick for God's sake.
b. ‘A tiny finch of Brazil, Spermophila minuta’ (Cent. Dict. 1890).
4. Angling. A kind of artificial fly.
1867F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 344 The Parson..is a very showy fly.
5. fig. A finger-post: see quots. Chiefly dial.
1785Grose Dict. Vulg. T., Parson, a guide post, hand or finger post by the road side for directing travellers;..because..it sets people in the right way. 1819Banquet 59* Like the rude guide post some a parson call That points the way but never stirs at all. 1889in N.W. Lincs. Gloss.
6. attrib. and Comb.
a. appositive, as parson-editor, parson-magistrate, parson-peer, parson-physician, etc.;
b. attrib., as parson-power, parson-premium;
c. obj. gen., etc., as parson-baiting, parson-fighter, parson-hunting, parson-worship; parson-like adj.d. Special Combs.: parson-and-clerk, (a) a children's game: see quot. 1863; (b) = parson-in-the-pulpit (a); parson-grey n. and a., dark grey, priest-grey; parson-gull, a local name of the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus); parson-has-lost-his-coat, name of some game; parson-in-the-pulpit, a popular name, from the form of the flowers, of two plants, (a) cuckoo-pint, (b) monkshood; parson's-nose, the rump of a fowl, etc.; parson's table U.S., a small, simple, wooden table with a square top supported at each corner by straight legs; parson's-week, the time taken as a holiday by a clergyman who is excused a Sunday, lasting (usually) from Monday to the Saturday week following. Also parson-bird.
1788H. Walpole Let. to Mrs. H. More 22 Sept., Let my snuff of life flit to the last sparkle of folly, like what children call the *parson and clerk in a bit of burnt paper. a1800Cowper On observing some names in Biog. Brit. 1863Barnes Dorset Dial. Gloss., Passons an' clarks, the running fiery spots on burning paper. 1882Gloss. Devon. Plant-n. (E.D.S.), Parson-and-Clerk, Arum maculatum.
1826W. E. Andrews Exam. Fox's Cal. Prot. Saints 473 The *parson-editor of the folio edition of the New Book of Martyrs.
1821Blackw. Mag. VIII. 620 His bonnet blue, a coat of *Parson gray.
1885Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 208 Greater Black-backed Gull..*Parson gull, or mew.
1889Doyle Micah Clarke 163 Saturday night game of ‘kiss-in-the-ring’, or ‘*parson-has-lost-his-coat’.
1742Fielding J. Andrews iii. vi, Some of them declaring that *parson-hunting was the best sport in the world.
1856F. E. Paget Owlet Owlst. 145, I don't see why we are to assume that *parson-husbands have more sense than other husbands.
1882Gloss. Devon. Plant-n. (E.D.S.), *Parson-in-the-Pulpit, (1) Arum maculatum..(2) Aconitum Napellus.
1625Hart Anat. Ur. ii. i. 55 No lesse then three..*Parson-Physitians had administered to him.
1841Lever C. O'Malley lxvii. 319 Not..pronounced doubly hazardous by the Insurance Companies, nor acceptable under a ‘*Parson-premium’.
1839Longfellow Hyperion vii, An epicurean morsel—a *parson's nose. 1873Slang Dict., Parson's nose, the hind part of a goose—a savoury mouthful. Sometimes called the Pope's nose.
1969Sears Catal. Spring/Summer 1385/1 *Parson's Tables. Avocado green. 1973R. Hayes Hungarian Game xlvi. 271 Except for a matched set of Sheraton chairs, a salon mirror and a parson's table, the landing was empty. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 24 June 7-F/6 (Advt.), 16 × 16{pp} parsons tables.
1790Cowper Let. to Lady Hesketh 28 June, Wks. 1836 VII. 39 If they come..they will stay..a *parson's week, that is to say, about a fortnight and no longer. 1856Kingsley Let. to T. Hughes in Life xiv. (1879) II. 3, I wish you would..go with me to Snowdon..for a parson's week, i.e. twelve days.
1897W. C. Hazlitt Ourselves 4 Persons who identify piety with churchgoing and *parson-worship.
Hence (mostly nonce-words) ˈparsonarchy, rule by parsons, a body of ruling parsons. parsoˈnese a., parsonic. ˈparsonhood, the state or condition of a parson. parˈsonify v. trans., (a) to make parsonic; (b) in passive, to be married by a parson; (c) to make into a parson. ˈparsonish a., like or characteristic of a parson, parsonic. parˈsonity = parsonhood. ˈparsonize v., (a) trans. to make parsonic; (b) intr. to play the parson, do parson's work. ˈparsonly a., belonging to or befitting a parson. parsoˈnolatry, parson-worship. parsoˈnology, lore about parsons. ˈparsonry, parsons collectively. ˈparsonship, the office or position of parson, rectorship.
1830Examiner 789/1 A pampered squirarchy, and a magnificent *parson-archy.
1860Huxley in L. Huxley Life (1900) I. 212 Sunk, as nine tenths of women are, in mere ignorant *parsonese superstitions.
1834Tait's Mag. I. 632/1 The perquisites of *parsonhood are of a more solid and tangible nature.
1737J. Thomson Let. 12 Jan. in W. Goodhugh Eng. Gentl. Libr. Man. (1827) 262, I have not yet seen the round man of God to be. He is to be *parsonifyed a few days hence. 1880W. S. Gilbert Pirates of Penzance, You shall quickly be parsonified..By a doctor of divinity. 1926tr. William II's Early Life iii. 19 He..left all dogmas and creeds severely alone. They were, in his view,..apt to ‘parsonify’ the grand and simple outline of the Christian Faith.
a1834Lamb cited in Worcester (1846), *Parsonish. 1884Punch 11 Oct. 178/2 A proper parsonish style.
1844J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & W. vi, All the duties of *parsonity.
1880in Congregationalist (U.S.) 21 June (Cent.), The hope that lay evangelists will not ‘presently become *parsonized’. 1892Stevenson in Illustr. Lond. News 6 Aug. 171/2 Now, it seems, he's parsonising down Somerset way.
1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. lxxxv. (1783) III. 129 [Attire] prig, prim, prue, and *parsonly. 1776― Pupil of Pleas. (1777) I. 82 Whining passages about pity, and virtue, and all the et-cætera of parsonly cant.
1852Tait's Mag. XIX. 342 heading, The *Parsonolatry of Dissent.
1815Byron Let. to Moore 10 Jan., Which proves..your proficiency in *parsonology. 1886P. Fitzgerald Fatal Zero xxix. (1888) 185 D.'s ready sneer about preaching or ‘parsonology’.
1876G. Meredith Beauch. Career I. xvii. 259 The *parsonry are a power absolutely to be counted for waste, as to progress.
1680R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands ii. (1682) 35 The Convert continued not fully two years in his *Parsonship or Parish before he died. [Note. The ecclesiastical use of L. persōna does not appear before the 11th c. It was app. still new at the Council of Clermont 1096, when it was said, c. iii ‘Ecclesiæ vel decimæ..sæpius ab Episcopis sub palliata avaritia venduntur: mortuis nimirum, seu mutatis Clericis, quos Personas vocant’ (Mansi Concilia XX. 902). Various views have been taken of its genesis. English legal writers, Coke, Blackstone, etc., have referred it to the Civil Law sense of persōna, the parson being viewed as the legal ‘person’ by whom the property of God, the Patron Saint, or the church, in the parish, was actually held; the person to sue and be sued in respect of this property. Du Cange (ed. 1762), pointing to the early equivalent use of persōna and dignitās, would start from the sense ‘personage, great or dignified person, dignitary’. Dr. H. Schaefer, Pfarrkirche und Stift im Deutschen Mittelalter (1903) §19, shows that persōna was primarily applied to the holder of a parochial living who was non-resident, being either a conventual body, a chapter, or member of one, or often a mere layman, the spiritual duties being in either case discharged by a vicārius or substitute, who received a small portion of the revenues. He refers the designation to the fact that the holder of the living merely figured in the character or rôle (cl. L. persōna) of parish clergyman, without actually discharging the duties. He explains the frequent early equivalence of persōna and dignitās, adduced by Du Cange, in the case of conventual or collegiate rectors, by the usual application of dignitās to the superior personages or ‘dignitaries’ of a chapter, and the fact that it was by these that the parochial parsonages were held. It would appear however that in England the appellation must have been early interpreted in the Civil Law sense; else how should it have been extended from the persōna immortālis to the persōna mortālis or resident rector, and have become in England his legal designation?] ▪ II. parson
obs. form of person. |