| 释义 |
▪ I. † woke, a. Obs.
Forms: α. 1–3 wac (1 waac, infl. wake), 4 north. wak, 4–5 wake; β. 2–3 woc, (3 wooc, infl. woke), 3–5 wok, 5 woke; 1 compar. waccra, superl. 1 waccust, 4 wakkest.
[Com. Teut. (wanting in Goth. and Fris.): OE. wác, corresp. to OS., MLG. wêk, MDu. weec (Du. week), OHG. weih (MHG., G. weich) yielding, soft, ON. veikr, vøyk-r (Sw. vek, Da. veg soft, Norw. veik) weak:—OTeut. *waikwo-, f. *waikw-: *wī̆kw- to yield, give way: see wike v. Cf. weak a., a. ON. veikr.
The word died out in the 15th c., being superseded by weak; if it had survived, its form in mod.Eng. would have been *wook (wuk), the vowel being modified in quality by the initial (w) and shortened by the final (k).]
= weak a. in various senses. a. Pliant, flexible (only OE.). b. Lacking in strength, vigour, endurance, or courage; inferior physically or morally. c. Lowly in status or degree; insignificant.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xlii. 306 Sua sua wac hreod & idel, ðe ælc hwiða windes mæᵹ awecggan. a1000Wanderer 67 Ne sceal no to hatheort ne to hrædwyrde ne to wac wiᵹa ne to wanhydiᵹ. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 2 Ic ælfric munuc and mæssepreost, swa þeah waccre þonne swilcum hadum ᵹebyriᵹe. c1050Suppl. ælfric's Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 191/19 Lentus, waac. 1050–73Charter in Thorpe Charters (1865) 430, ii forealdode rædingbec swiðe wake, and .i. wac mæssereaf. c1200Ormin 18328 Icc amm i me sellfenn wac & full off unntrummnesse. c1205Lay. 23593 Ah fehten ich wulle..wið Arðure kinge, whaðer unkere swa beoð þere wakere sone he bið þe laðere. a1225Ancr. R. 12 Do wel & dem ðe suluen euer woc. Ibid. 52 Ofte a ful hawur smið smeoðið a ful woc knif. c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 9 Drehen se moni wa, for swa wac huire as te world forȝelt eauer at ten ende. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1197 Ȝhe wurd wið child, on elde wac. a1275Prov. Alfred 581 in O.E. Misc. 135 Min hew falewidþ, and min wlite is wan, and min herte woc. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 354, I am þe wakkest, I wot, and of wyt feblest. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xvi. (Magdalene) 389 For þu art wak & gret with barne. c1425Engl. Conq. Ireland 146 The englysshe weren both argh & woke to assayllen and to fyght, þe Iresshe stronge & bold to wythstonde. c1450Mirk's Festial 196 Then callyd þe norys to þe modyr, and bade hur..helpe hur forto folde þe chyldys cloþis; for scho was to woke, and myght not welde hom. 1457Harding Chron. i. in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1912) Oct. 743 With incurable mayme that maketh me wake.
d. woke fish [cf. G. weichfisch], dried cod, stockfish.
1386in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Letter-bk. H Lond. (1907) 299 Stokfisshe [called] halfwoxefisshe [sic].
▪ II. † woke, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 wacian, 3 wakien, 3–4 woke, wokie.
[OE. wácian, f. wác woke a.]
1. intr. To grow or become weak, to weaken; to become less severe, be mitigated.
993Battle of Maldon 10 Þe þam man mihte oncnawan þæt se cniht nolde wacian æt þam wiᵹe. 1003O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.), Ðonne se heretoᵹa wacað, þonne bið eall se here swiðe ᵹehindred. c1205Lay. 2938 Þa ældede þe king & wakede an aðelan. Ibid. 13466 Þa heo weore swa drunken Þæt wakeden heore sconken. Ibid. 19798 His heorte gon to wakien [c 1275 wokie]. c1275Signs of Death 2 in O.E. Misc. 101 [H]wenne þin heou blokeþ And þi strengþe wokeþ. c1374[see weak v. 2].
2. trans.
a. To dilute, water.
b. To soften (in quot. fig.).
c. To soak in water: = weak v. 1 b.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 332 As who so filled a tonne of a fresshe ryuer, And went forth with þat water to woke with themese. 1393Ibid. C. xv. 25 Ac grace groweþ nat til goode wil gynne reyne, And wokie þorwe good werkes wikkede hertes. Ibid. xvii. 332 [He] with warme water of hus eyen wokeþ hit til hit white.
Hence † woked ppl. a., steeped.
1408–9in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Letter-bk. I Lond. (1909) 71 [A proclamation forbidding the sale by retail of watered fish] pessoun eawee [called in English] Wokedfyssh.
▪ III. woke
obs. pa. tense of ache v.; pa. tense and pple. of wake v.; obs. form of oak, week. |