| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ para1|ˈpɑːrə|
Also 8 parrah, perau.
[Turkish (Pers.) pārah piece, portion, morsel; the small coin so called. In F. para.]
A small Turkish coin, the fortieth part of a piastre, in the 17th and 18th c. of silver, but later of copper, and sunk by successive depreciations.
(‘Its value is at present (1903) about one-twentieth of a penny. In other countries formerly Turkish the para has a greater value.’ (N.E.D.))
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 62 The Piastre Ryal is worth eight Chais, and each Chai five Paras, and the Para four Aspres, which are all pieces of Silver. 1704J. Pitts Acc. Mohammetans 68 Three or four Parrahs. 1776R. Chandler Trav. Greece 123 The [Albanian] girls wear a red skull-cap plated with peraus or Turkish pennies of silver perforated, and ranged like the scales of a fish. 1808A. Parsons Trav. i. 3 Small fish..sell for a para, or three farthings English for a Turkish oka, which is forty-two English ounces. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v., In Greece the para passes for about the third of a penny, and 100 make a drachma. 1880J. Nichol Byron x. 196 He discarded animal food, and lived..on toast, vegetables, and cheese, olives and light wine, at the rate of forty paras a day. 1886Cassell's Encycl. Dict. s.v., The Para of Servia is the equivalent of the French centime. 1907[see dinar b]. 1935H. Edib Clown & his Daughter xvii. 90 ‘Rabia Abla, ten paras' worth of chewing-gum!’ shouted a shrill voice from the street. 1960O. Manning Great Fortune i. 12 He took the coins from his pocket... They comprised a few lire, filler and para. 1971Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 7/7 The first stamps issued in 1941 took the form of the Yugoslavian issues overprinted ‘NEZAVISNA DRZAVA HRVATSKA’ (Independent State, Croatia). Denominations ranged from 50 paras to 5·50 dinars. 1971Whitaker's Almanack 1972 988 Dinar of 100 Old Dinars or 100 Paras.
▪ II. para3|ˈpɑːrə|
[Maori.]
A New Zealand name for the large, evergreen fern, Marattia salicina, or its swollen rhizome, formerly used as food.
1855J. D. Hooker Bot. Antarctic Voy.: Flora Novæ-Zelandiæ II. 49 Marattia salicina... Northern and eastern parts of the Northern Island... Nat[ive] name, ‘Para’,..(Cultivated at Kew.). 1890H. C. Field Ferns of N.Z. 153 Marattia fraxinea..‘Para’, ‘Para reka’, or ‘Para tawhiti’ of the Maoris. ‘Horse-shoe fern’ of Europeans. 1906T. F. Cheeseman Man. N.Z. Flora 1026 Para; Parareka... The large starchy rhizome was formerly eaten by the Maoris, and hence the plant was occasionally cultivated near their villages. It is now fast becoming rare. 1921[see king fern s.v. king n. 13 c]. 1946Jrnl. Polynesian Soc. LV. 149 If there is no distinguishing suffix para is understood to mean the fern-tuber [of Marattia fraxinea].
▪ III. para4|ˈpærə|
Abbrev. of paragraph n.
1859J. Blackwood Let. 18 Apr. in Geo. Eliot Lett. (1954) III. 52 We had better set a paragraph afloat... If you send a para(graph) to me here I will set it afloat among the Edinr. papers. 1885R. Kipling Let. 26 Sept. in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) iv. 70 How am I to tackle your letter... Para. two from the butt end asks me if I know The City of Dreadful Night. 1938‘G. Orwell’ in New English Weekly 9 June 169/1 Casual half-inch paras in every issue of the newspapers. 1951Wodehouse Old Reliable x. 123 There is a morality clause in my contract..Para Six. 1972‘G. Black’ Bitter Tea (1973) viii. 124 After this ‘Dealer’ para the news of your sunk ship could push them to a decision.
▪ IV. para5, a. (adv.)|ˈpærə|
[f. para-1.]
1. Chem. (Now usu. italicized.) Characterized by or relating to (substitution at) two opposite carbon atoms in a benzene ring; at a position opposite to some (specified) substituent in a benzene ring. Also as adv.
1876, etc. [see ortho a. (adv.) 1]. 1903A. J. Walker tr. Holleman's Text-bk. Org. Chem. II. 446 There remains no possibility, except the para-structure, for the third hydroxybenzoic acid melting at 210°. 1938L. F. Fieser in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. ii. 132 The para coupling of a free phenol is regarded as a 1,4-addition to the conjugated system of the nucleus, followed by loss of water. 1949[see orient v. 4 a]. 1968R. O. C. Norman Princ. Org. Synthesis xii. 402 The inductive effect is relayed through one more carbon atom than is the case for ortho or para substitution. 1972R. A. Jackson Mechanism ii. 12 Explanations based on the resonance effects of the methyl group do not..explain the more pronounced effect of meta compared with para substitution.
2. para (or Para) red, any of various dyes that consist chiefly of the coupling product of diazotized paranitraniline and β-naphthol and are used in printing inks and paints.
1907Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists XXIII. 20/2 Para red discharges on indigo have been produced for the last ten years. 1930A. W. C. Harrison Manuf. Lakes & Precipitated Pigments xii. 163 When Para red is present in old water paint on a wall surface, it is again best to remove the old material. 1967[see fire-red n.].
3. See para-1 3.
▪ V. para6 Obstetr.|ˈpærə|
[the ending of nullipara, primipara, multipara.]
A woman who has had a specified number of confinements, as indicated by a preceding or following numeral.
1881Trans. Edin. Obstetr. Soc. VI. 70 Of the 48 cases, 26 were primiparæ and 22 multiparæ, as follows: ii. paræ, 11; iii. paræ, 4; [etc.]. 1908Practitioner Aug. 312 Fromme records the case of a vi-para, aged 34, who developed pyæmia after an abortion. 1923Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynæcol. XXX. 568 In one patient, a iii-para,..the second stage of labour occupied 1½ hours. 1950Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. LIX. 737 The second maternal death occurred in a 40-year-old, para ii, gravida iv, whose diabetes was of two years' standing. 1966Fertility & Sterility XVII. 336 A 24-year-old para 2 who had menstrual irregularity prior to insertion of the spiral. 1967[see multipara]. 1977Lancet 23 Apr. 910/1 A 36-week gestation 2·2 kg Black male infant was born to a 36-year-old gravida 7, para 5 mother by vaginal delivery.
▪ VI. para7|ˈpærə|
Abbrev. of paratrooper.
In early quots. a. Fr. para, abbrev. parachutiste.
1958Spectator 20 June 807/2 This has not greatly endeared him to the ‘paras’. 1962A. Buchwald How Much is that in Dollars? 15 My son assured me paras could never land in the Parc Monceau. 1966M. Catto Bird on Wing ii. 24 Louis..had been a captain in the paras. He had learned certain things in Algeria. 1967L. Forrester Girl called Fathom xii. 148 Commandant Daniel Jules Delavigne, late of the Paras—Indo-China, Algeria. 1972Listener 9 Nov. 625 The First Battalion of the Parachute Regiment pulls out of Northern Ireland at the end of the month... Incidents like Bloody Sunday..have earned the Paras a reputation for toughness. 1973Ibid. 26 Apr. 534/1 A gun battle between the Paras and the Provos. 1977J. Cartwright Fighting Men vii. 95 Right, paras get ready to jump.
▪ VII. para8|ˈpærə|
Slang abbrev. of paraplegic a.
1961Partridge Dict. Slang Suppl. 1213/2 Para. 2. A paraplegic (a spinal-cord paralytic): Canadian doctors' and nurses': since ca. 1946. 1969Sun (Melbourne) 18 Apr. 7/3 I'd like to say it's a disgrace that quadras (quadraplegics) and paras (paraplegics) have to wait so long before courts get around to clearing up the mess. |