| 释义 |
▪ I. ovate, n.|ˈɒvət|
[f. an assumed Latin plural Ovātēs, representing οὐατεῖς, vātēs, soothsayers, prophets, mentioned by Strabo, along with Δρυῑ́δαι ‘Druids’, and βάρδοι ‘Bards’, as a third order in the Gaulish hierarchy. Cf. euhages.]
A term used as the English equivalent of Welsh ofydd, now applied to an Eisteddfodic graduate of a third order, beside ‘bard’ and ‘druid’; the name and its application being artificially affiliated to those of the Gaulish οὐατεῖς mentioned by Strabo.
Note. οὐατεῖς was Strabo's Greek transliteration of the Proto-celtic *vāteis (Stokes), pl. of *vātis (or *wātis) ‘soothsayer, prophet’ = L. vātis, OIr. faith, mod.Ir. and Gael. faidh. Ofydd occurs in Middle Welsh as a second element in some compounds, where it appears to have the sense of ‘lord’ (app. for ddofydd, mutated form of dofydd). It is also the Welsh form, in 14th c. bards, of the proper name Ovid. It has no connexion, etymological or historical, with οὐατεῖς. The imaginary connexion appears first in Henry Rowlands in 1723. From him it was taken up by Edward Williams (Iolo Morgannwg) and W. Owen (Pughe) who introduced ovate as the English equivalent, 1792–4.
1723H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua 65 Different Classes and Fraternities, which, as Strabo (lib. iv) reckons, were three, that is Δρυίδαι, Drudau or Drudion; ουατεῖς, Offwyr or Offyddion; and βαρδοὶ Beirdd. Ammianus Marcellinus (lib. xv) gives the same reckoning..‘inchoata per Bardos, Euvates, & Druidas’, i.e...begun and set by Bards, Euvates, and Druids. ― Ibid. Of these, says Strabo, the Bardi were Singers; the Ouvates, Priests and Physiologers; and the Druids to Physiology added Ethicks and Moral Learning. Ibid. 251 Their Ovates, so call'd by Strabo and Ammianus Marcellinus,..must express some Name they had at that Time on one of their Orders, sounding like Ovydd or Offydd. 1792W. Owen (Pughe) Eleg. Llywarc Hen, Introd. xlii, Bardd, Ovydd, a Derwydd = Bard, Ovate, and Druid. 1794E. Williams Poems II. 230 There are three orders of the Primitive Bards.—The Ruling Bard, or Primitive Bard positive..: the Ovate (or Euvate..) whose avocation it is to act on the principles of inventive genius: and the Druid [etc.]. 1834J. R. Planché Brit. Costume 11 The Priesthood..was divided into three orders. The Druids, the Bards, and the Ovates... The Ovate or Ovydd, professing astronomy, medicine, &c., wore green, the symbol of learning. 1877Rhys Lect. Welsh Philol. vi. 314 Ofydd..is defined to be an Eisteddfodic graduate who is neither bard nor druid, and translated into ovate.
▪ II. ovate, a. Chiefly Nat. Hist.|ˈəʊvət|
[ad. L. ōvāt-us egg-shaped, f. ōv-um egg: see -ate2 2.]
1. Egg-shaped.
a. In reference to a solid body.
1775J. Jenkinson Brit. Pl. 113 The fruit is a hard, ovate, fleshy berry. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 114 Root..growing with an ovate juicy bulb on the top of a dry wall. 1816W. Smith Strata Ident. 8 Ovate Echini..may be found anywhere on the surface of Upper Chalk. 1874Cooke Fungi 62 Pear-shaped or ovate asci.
b. In reference to a superficial figure.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. xiv. (1765) 36 Ovate, Egg-shaped. Note, Ovate is used to express an elliptical Figure, when it is broader at one End than the other; and..Oval for the same Figure, when the Ends are alike. 1825Greenhouse Comp. I. 65 Long ovate leaves. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 337 Legs short, covered with ovate scales. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. iii. §4 (ed. 6) 95 Ovate, when the outline of leaf-blades is like a section of a hen's-egg lengthwise.
c. absol. as n. Archæol., an implement having an oval blade.
1946F. E. Zeuner Dating Past ix. 283 It is clear, however, that by the end of this interglacial the Acheulian had acquired all its characteristic attributes, like ovates and the S-twist. 1956A. L. Armstrong in D. L. Linton Sheffield 91 Three more hand-axes, all ovates of middle Acheulean type and refined technique, are recorded from our area. 1959J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. vi. 157 The same assemblage of wood-working tools occurs—small, nearly parallel-sided picks, small flat ovates, miniature ‘tea cosies’, [etc.].
2. In combination with another adj., indicating a modification of the form denoted by the latter, inclining to ovate: as ovate-acuminate, ovate-conical, ovate-cordate, ovate-cuneate, ovate-deltoid, ovate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, ovate-oblong, ovate-rotundate, ovate-serrated, ovate-triangular, etc.
1819Pantologia, Ovate-lanceolate leaf, between these two forms, but inclining to the latter. Ibid., Ovate-subulate capsule, between ovate and awl-shaped, but most tending to the latter. Ibid., Ovate-oblong. 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. v. (1858) 67 Lower leaflets ovate-cuneate. 1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 199 Fruit ovate-acuminate, as long as the lanceolate scales. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 268 Leaves..sessile, ovate-rotundate or oblong.
Hence ˈovately adv., in an ovate way, with an ovate form; = ovate-, ovato-.
1865Reader No. 145. 408/3 Ovately dolichocephalic.
▪ III. ˈovate, v.1 rare.
[f. ovate a.: see -ate3.]
trans. To render ovate.
1878Fraser's Mag. XVII. 128 A sphere flattened by gravity and other resistance, and ovated by the forward movement.
▪ IV. oˈvate, v.2 journalistic.
[repr. L. ovā-re to exult, rejoice, celebrate an ovation; but prob. immed. from ovation: cf. orate.]
trans. To give a popular ovation to; to greet with public applause.
1864Sala in Daily Tel. 24 May, As to the manner in which Garibaldi might be ‘ovated’ here [America]. 1870[see ovator]. 1890Sat. Rev. 3 May 521/1 Mr. Stanley returned to England, and was ‘ovated’ at Dover. |