| 释义 |
precedence|prɪˈsiːdəns, ˈprɛsɪdəns|
Also 5 precydence, 5–6 -sidence, 7 præ-.
[prob. f. the earlier precedent a.: see -ence. Cf. F. précédence (16th c. in Littré).]
†1. = precedent n. 2, 3. Obs. (In quots. 1484, 1541, perh. a corruption of precedents: cf. accidence.)
1484in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 85 The bookes of accomptes..[are to] be alway in the handes of the said auditours for their presidence. 1541in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 30 These presidence was corrected and drawen out of diverse old presidence. 1558Ibid., An old book of Precedences..extracted out of the elder Precedences of the town. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. i. xvi. 29 b, Out of all such precedences he gathered Preceptes of Phisike.
†b. The being or serving as a precedent. rare.
1494Fabyan Chron. II. 416 By precydence wherof all the great cyties & good townes of Fraunce were charged in lyke maner.
†2. A thing that precedes; something said or done before; an antecedent: = precedent n. 1.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iii. i. 83 An epilogue or discourse to make plaine Some obscure precedence that hath tofore bin saine. 1606― Ant. & Cl. ii. v. 51 Mes. But yet Madam. Cleo. I do not like but yet, it does alay The good precedence. a1610Healey Epictetus' Man. (1636) 47 Adventure upon nothing without due consideration of the precedences and consequences thereof.
3. The fact of preceding another or others in time or succession; previous existence or occurrence; priority. (Often with mixture of sense 4.)
1605Camden Rem. 181, I doe beseech the true King, that he would not respect the precedence in time, but devotion of my minde. 1683Temple Mem. Wks. 1731 I. 478 When it was ready to sign, the French Ambassadors offer'd to yield the Precedence in signing it to us as Mediators. 1828J. Ballantyne Exam. Hum. Mind iv. 90 According to the law of Precedence, one idea acquires the power of suggesting others by immediately preceding them. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 158 In the chronology of our poetical collectors, Gower takes precedence of Chaucer unjustly. 1884Manch. Exam. 17 June 5/1 The payment of interest..will take precedence of other Egyptian obligations.
4. The fact of preceding another or others in order, rank, importance, estimation, or dignity; higher position, superiority; the foremost place, pre-eminence, supremacy.
1658Phillips, Præcedence, a going before, also a surpassing, or excelling. 1694Crowne Regulus i. 8 Let me have the precedence in your heart. a1719Addison Notes Ovid's Met. iii. Wks. 1721 I. 241 In which part Ovid's copiousness of invention, and great insight into nature, has given him the precedence to all the Poets that ever came before or after him. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 9 That form..Framed for the service of a free-born will, Asserts precedence, and bespeaks control. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. xiv. 52 The Andalucian horse takes precedence of all. a1902A. B. Davidson Old Test. Proph. x. (1903) 153 The moral everywhere takes precedence of the miraculous.
b. spec. The right of preceding others in ceremonies and social formalities; the occupying of a higher or more honourable place in an assembly or procession, according to one's rank; ceremonial priority. Hence in generalized sense: The order to be ceremonially observed by persons of different ranks, according to an acknowledged or legally determined system of regulations.
1598Florio Ital. Dict. Ep. Ded. 1, I am no auctorised Herauld to marshall your precedence. a1600(title) The Copie of a Booke of Precedence of all estates and playcinge to ther degrees. 1712Addison Spect. No. 529 ⁋1 Disputes concerning Rank and Precedence. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 288 He moved, that a letter might be writ giving him the precedence of the Lord Chancellour. 1864Boutell Her. Hist. & Pop. xxvii. 428 The Order of Precedence..was first established upon a definite system by a Statute of Henry VIII. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 123 The president of education is to take precedence of them all. 1899Daily News 21 Dec. 6/1 The great precedence question, which for a while raged so fiercely in the bosoms of our Knights Bachelors, is..now satisfactorily settled. |