| 释义 |
▪ I. rescue, n.|ˈrɛskjuː|
Forms: 4–5 rescowe, 6 -cow; 5–6 rescew(e, reskew, (7 reschew); 5–6 rescu, (6 -ku), 5– rescue.
[f. the vb., in place of the earlier rescous.]
1. a. The (or an) act of rescuing (esp. persons) from enemies, saving from danger or destruction, etc.; succour, deliverance.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2308 No meruayle þaȝ hym myslyke, Þat hoped of no rescowe. c1440Generydes 2549 Ther fought thei still & reskew was ther non. c1450Merlin 156 Thider preced bothe partyes to the rescowe. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 28 At the rescue of the cite [of] Averaunces. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lx. 207 They can not scape..and they are without hope of any rescue. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. ix. 25 b, They of the shippe Raphael, came presentlye to their succour and rescew. 1642Rogers Naaman 19 What rescue hath the dry stubble against the advantage of fire? 1653Milton Ps. vii. 6 Least as a Lion..He hast to tear my Soul asunder Tearing and no rescue nigh. 1738Wesley Ps. xviii. iv, He heard me from his glorious Throne, And sent the timely Rescue down. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. iv. ii, The Genoese are come—ho! to the rescue! 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 127 Rescue would be out of the question, should the climber go over the edge.
b. Bridge. = rescue bid in sense 3 c below.
1917[see overbid v. 2 c]. 1932H. Phillips One Hundred Contract Bridge Hands 114 West's double is for ‘business’... North does not attempt a ‘rescue’.
2. Law.
a. The forcible taking of a person or goods out of legal custody; forcible recovery (by the owner) of goods distrained.
c1450Godstow Registers (1905) 332 If hit happun þe foreseide sir Richard..to deliuer þe distres..or to make rescu with þreteninge [etc.]. 1496Rolls of Parlt. VI. 516/1 Any suche Shire..or Toune, where any persone make suche rescue of any distres to be takyn by suche Collectour. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 114, I am thy prisoner, wilt thou suffer them to make a rescue? 1597― 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 61 Fal. Keepe them off, Bardolfe. Fang. A rescu, a rescu. Host. Good people bring a rescu. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. i. 17 In case the distress was taken without cause, or contrary to law..the tenant may lawfully make rescue. 1769Ibid. IV. 131 Rescue is the forcibly freeing another from an arrest or imprisonment. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. iii, Precautions..justifiable..from the apprehensions so generally entertained of an expected rescue. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 412/2 An indictment for a rescue must set out the circumstances under which the person, &c. was arrested, and the rescue effected. Ibid. 413/1 Upon rescue of goods distrained for rent.
b. A person rescued from custody.
1888M. Morris Claverhouse 131 [They] marched victoriously off with such of their rescues as would go with them.
3. attrib.
a. Connected with the rescue of property or persons, as rescue-appliance, rescue bell, rescue boat, rescue capsule, rescue car, rescue company, rescue co-ordinator, rescue cradle, rescue dinghy, rescue man, rescue mission, rescue operation, rescue party, rescue race, rescue service, rescue ship, † rescue-shot (= fee), rescue squad, rescue station, rescue team, rescue tube, rescue work.
1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 154/2 New *Rescue-Appliances and Their Use in Mines.
1939Sun (Baltimore) 26 May 8/6 The *rescue bell was plunged down to be attached to one of the aft hatches. 1960W. O. Shelford Subsunk vii. 80 Squalus sank in an area where there were no appreciable tides to delay the divers or the functioning of the rescue bell.
1941Sun (Baltimore) 12 Aug. 17/2 They had in storage enough Dorchester county white oak to construct keels and frames for all the *rescue boats. 1978Lochaber News 31 Mar. 4/6 At the same time the rescue boat from Dochgorroch sped to the scene.
1977Sunday Times 24 Apr. 1/5 We just dropped everything we had in our hands and ran to the *rescue capsules, which were closed and lowered down to the sea.
1911Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 747/2 Half-a-dozen *rescue-cars, fitted with life-saving apparatus and carrying a crew of trained men..will be allocated to certain districts.
1975Irish Times 30 May 14/8 Foir Teoranta, the State *rescue company, has exercised its right to appoint its nominee.
1973G. Moffat Lady with Cool Eye vi. 70 As *rescue co-ordinator..shouldn't you know who's operating in your area?
1977N.Z. Herald 5 Jan. 1-1/1 The fishermen fastened the rope to a bollard and fitted a *rescue cradle to run along the rope to the comparative safety of the rocks.
1972Police Rev. 10 Nov. 1444/1 Fluorescent pigments..put to good practical effect in painting *rescue dinghies.
1921Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §47 *Rescue man, a member of colliery rescue team, called upon in cases of fire, explosions, etc., in mine to go underground in an attempt to rescue workers. 1940New Statesman 9 Nov. 465/1 The rescue men had blue overalls and white steel helmets.
1977R.A.F. News 11–24 May 2/5 Peter Pitcher rang up his 200th *rescue mission when he joined in a flight to pick up three boys from..a mudbank in the Mersey.
1960Council Brit. Archaeol. Rep. x. 41 While excavations as such are excluded from this Report it is difficult to omit all reference to the *rescue-operations which must follow when attempts to preserve a site have failed. 1975Country Life 3 Apr. 825/1 [Augustus] John himself despised the idea of a ‘rescue operation’, as he called it, where his reputation was concerned.
1892Zangwill Bow Mystery 153 Somehow he had become the leader of the *rescue party. 1937Ann. Reg. 1936 17 At the same time local authorities were advised to organise rescue parties of six or eight men each for action after air attack.
1897Daily News 6 July 5/3 There were *rescue races, more diving,..and water polo.
1976Northumberland Gaz. 26 Nov., Bill Hardcastle opened the *rescue service's first harbour fete.
1941Sun (Baltimore) 12 Aug. 17/2 Officials of the Cambridge Shipbuilders, Inc., today pushed plans for eight more *rescue ships to be built for the quartermaster. 1944M. Horton Let. 1 Mar. in Schofield & Martyn Rescue Ships (1968) viii. 136 The introduction and work of Rescue Ships during phases of the Battle of the Atlantic when the U-boats were on the offensive did a tremendous lot towards maintaining the high morale of the Merchant Navy.
a1802Jamie Telfer xlix. in Child Ballads IV. 8/2 He has paid the *rescue-shot, Baith wi gowd and white monie.
1954‘M. Cost’ Invitation from Minerva 176 He headed the *Rescue Squad, saw the German shepherd dogs drawn up, the blazing torches. 1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 2 Aug. 13/5 The defendant..was taken to the hospital. This was done by a rescue squad. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. (Advt. Section) 1/1 Memorials may be made to the Gila County Sheriff's Dept. Rescue Squad.
1908Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 7/2 A well-equipped *rescue-station and experimental gallery, established by the leading Lancashire coalowners, was opened to-day. 1976Cumberland News 3 Dec. 11/6 Rescue station, Derwentwater Boat Club, Portinscale, Peter Fry Rescue Trust.
1956M. Stewart Wildfire at Midnight ix. 79 The night had been black and wild... Bill Persimmon had telephoned for the local *rescue team. 1973Guardian 13 Apr. 24/5 At 11.29, the rescue teams were alerted. 1980G. Greene Dr. Fischer xiii. 88 By the time I reached the ski-lift the rescue team was already on the way up.
1977N.Z. Herald 5 Jan. 1-3/2 The two lifesavers on the helicopter, Mr. M. Lawson and Mr. T. Radonich, jumped into the water with a *rescue tube, which was used to fly Mr. Stewart back home.
1946R. J. C. Atkinson Field Archaeol. ii. 67 On *rescue-work sites, where the archaeological material is in any case eventually to be destroyed, the question of restoration does not arise. 1962D. Lessing Golden Notebk. iii. 402 The pleasure of recognition, of a bit of rescue-work, so to speak, rescuing the formless into form.
b. Directed to, aiming at, the raising of fallen or degraded women, as rescue home, rescue shelter, rescue society, rescue work, rescue worker, etc.
1890W. Booth In Darkest England i. vi. 51 The records of our *Rescue Homes abound with life-stories..which prove..the existence of numbers of innocent victims. 1894Daily News 13 Sept. 2/6 Offshoots of the first rescue home have been planted in many directions. 1927E. C. Trenholme Rescue Work iii. 21 It was through this venture failing that one of them came into a rescue home. 1981C. Scott Heavenly Witch ix. 136 At Nîmes the first rescue home was opened, the start of a chain of rescue homes.
1889L. Ridding Woman's League 12 An Industrial Training Home, Temperance Work, a *Rescue Shelter..these various efforts are inspired by the starting of the League.
1869(title) Licensing prostitution; reprinted (with permission) from the Report for 1869 of the *Rescue Society, London. 1981F. K. Prochaska Women & Philanthropy vi. 188 The dramatic growth in rescue societies and Magdalene homes.
1884H. Brown Is it Nothing to You? iv. 87 The objects of this society are to promote—(1) Purity among men. (2) A chivalrous respect for womanhood. (3) The preservation of the young from contamination. (4) *Rescue work. 1896Mrs. Caffyn Quaker Grandmother 297, I hope you enjoyed your first taste of—rescue-work—that's the word, isn't it? 1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma p. lxxvi, The morbid interest in misery and vice which turns some others to philanthropy and ‘rescue work’. 1977Rowbotham & Weeks Socialism & New Life 13 This tendency was reinforced by rescue work and the moral shock with which the middle-class reformers encountered, amidst poverty and overcrowding, the complexities and ambiguities of working-class family patterns.
1898Times 16 Dec 7/6 During the year 218 women and girls have been dealt with by our lady *rescue worker. 1930G. B. Shaw Wks. VII. 180 The only logical conclusion apparent is that the White Slave traffickers are in complete control of our picture theatres, and can close them to our Rescue workers as effectively as they can reserve them for advertisements of their own trade.
c. Special Combs., as rescue archæology, emergency excavation of archæological sites in the face of projected building or road development; hence rescue archæologist; similarly rescue dig, rescue excavation; rescue bid Bridge, a bid made to rescue one's partner from what seems a difficult position, as when his or her bid has been doubled; rescue breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; rescue circle Spiritualism (see quot. 1961); rescue mission U.S., a mission established to help those in need of moral or spiritual rehabilitation; rescue opera, an opera, often based on real events, in which the hero or heroine is rescued after great tribulations.
1969I. N. Hume Historical Archaeol. ii. 43 There are no rules that exist specifically to guide *rescue archaeologists. 1972Rescue News Autumn 1/1 For some years rescue archaeologists have been worried that the finds from the increasing number of emergency excavations are not receiving proper treatment.
[1966Council Brit. Archaeol. Rep. xvi. 51 The ‘rescue’ aspect of archaeology has nowadays become particularly important.] 1969I. N. Hume Historical Archaeol. ii. 43 The only recourse is to resort to what is euphemistically known as *rescue archaeology... Rescue archaeology occurs when time has almost run out. 1978Sci. Amer. Jan. 111 An international campaign of rescue archaeology at the ruined city.
1913F. Irwin Auction High Lights 261 The forcing-bids, the doubles and redoubles, the ‘*rescue’-bids had just this result, that A's hand brought him 604 instead of 299. 1973Times 10 Nov. 10/5 He had been invited to partner a beginner who had no suspicion of the dangers..from uninvited rescue bids.
1961Sunday Times 17 Sept. 4/5 Scandinavian countries have a long lead on Britain in training in ‘*rescue breathing’. 1968W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 18/2 Attempt rescue breathing as soon as you can reach the victim's face.
1921A. Conan Doyle Wanderings of Spiritualist iv. 93 He has run a *rescue circle for the instruction of the lower spirits who are so material that they can be reached more easily by humanity than by the higher angels. 1961R. Crookall Supreme Adventure iii. i. 105 At ‘Rescue Circles’ where ‘earthbound’ men (who have shed the Physical Body without being aware of the fact, and whose Soul Body is still enveiled by the vehicle of vitality) are made to realise their condition—that they have ‘died’. 1973Light Spring 10 Visitors, or clients, of a rescue circle are more demanding.
1962Daily Tel. 9 July 10/2 ‘*Rescue digs’ of this kind have now become one of the principal antiquarian activities of the Ministry of Works.
1957G. Clark Archaeol. & Society (ed. 3) ii. 57 *Rescue-excavations, organized in Britain by the Ministry of Works, when known ancient monuments had to be flattened.
1902S. H. Hadley Down in Water St. ii. 39 The first *Rescue Mission in the world..was started by Jerry McAuley, October 8, 1872, at 316 Water Street, New York. 1912P. I. Roberts Dry Dock of Thousand Wrecks vi. 93 He has displayed all along the earmarks of a rescue mission worker. 1972National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 7/5 The camp's food..was below rescue-mission fare.
1943A. Loewenberg Ann. Opera 1597–1940 280 Dalayrac: Léhéman ou La Tour de Newstadt... More successful in Germany where it was one of the favourite ‘*rescue operas’ of that period. 1959Listener 25 June 1128/2 Les deux Journées (1800) and Fidelio (first version 1805) have a great many features in common: their theme (‘rescue opera’), its source in an actual event.
▪ II. rescue, v.|ˈrɛskjuː|
Forms: 4–7 rescow(e, 4 -coue, 5 -cove, 5 -chow(e, -kowe; 4–6 reskew(e, (5 -chew), 5–7 rescew(e; 4 rescuwe, 4– rescue, (7 reskue).
[a. OF. rescou-, reskeu-, etc., stem of rescoure, -cure, -keure, -corre, etc. (F. recourre), = It. riscuotere:—Rom. type *reex-cutĕre: see re- and excuss v.]
1. a. trans. To deliver (a person) from the attack of, or out of the hands of, assailants or enemies.
13..Guy Warw. (A.) 2031 With that com his folk prikeinde And her lord rescuweth there. 13..Coer de L. 4002 Prove we thys toun to wynne, Rescue thys folk that be withinne. c1350Will. Palerne 1226 Þe ȝong kene kniȝtes..rescuede him rediliche for rinkes þat him ladden. c1400Destr. Troy 6838 Let vs reskew the Renke, refe hym his fos! c1500Lancelot 2701 Sir gawan thar reskewit he of fors, Magre his fois, and haith hyme set one hors. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. vii. (S.T.S.) I. 153 Of þe remanent plegeis be hir reskewit he tuke litill force. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 190 She made hym capitain of Alnewike Castle, whiche he with his freshe men kept till thei wer rescowed. 1643Whitelock Mem. (1853) I. 248 He took..many horse and arms, and rescued all their prisoners. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 256, I wish'd..that I had any way to have come undiscover'd within shot of them, that I might have rescu'd the three Men. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xvi, How thou wilt rescue her afterwards from the clutches of Bois-Guilbert seems considerably more doubtful. 1934G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good iii. 95 You were sent out here to rescue my daughter from these dreadful brigands. 1969I. & P. Opie Children's Games iv. 163 Here the seeker is at almost greater disadvantage than in ‘Buzz Off’, for a hider can rescue a prisoner merely by getting in sight of the den.
b. To liberate by unlawful force from legal custody. Also in fig. context.
1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 143 Had not Damain D'Aguiar..had the charge thereof,..there was so great a concourse of people..that the offender had been easily rescued. 1680Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 55 Two Jesuits goeing to prison..were rescued and taken quit away out of the officers hands. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Luke vii. 17 The Lord of life arrests the serjeant death, and rescues the prisoner out of his hand. 1769Junius Lett. xxx, They..rescue the general, and drive away the sheriff's officers. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. iii, When..Wilson..had arrived at the scaffold.., there appeared no signs of that attempt to rescue him.
2. a. To deliver (a castle, town, etc.) from siege.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 275 To þe Baliol suld þei send, þer Castelle to rescue. 1375Barbour Bruce xi. 67 Gif our fayis assay To reskew Strewilling. 1435in Wars Eng. in France (Rolls) II. 584 A castel..that myghte be hastelie rescowed. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccl. 320 The duke of gloucestre wente ouer the see to Caleys for to rescue the toune. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 54 After he recovereth Wireiburge and reskeweth the castel beseged. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. vi. 2 Rescu'd is Orleance from the English Wolves.
b. To recover, take back by force.
c1450Merlin 586 Thei were com oute to hem to bateile for to rescowe the pray. 1568–9Act 11 Eliz. in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 328 Until he or they pay to the..seyser of the said hogges..the value and price of the swine so rescowed. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 39 But th' Elfin knight,..him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray. 1628Coke On Litt. 160 b, If the Tenant rescue the distres [etc.]. 1643Whitelock Mem. (1853) I. 239 The Scots took Coquet Island.., and rescued and restored to the owners a great herd of cattle taken away by the king's forces. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 12 They may be rescued by the owner, in case the distress was taken without cause. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 569 There is no rule prescribed by the law of England in the case of foreign property rescued.
3. To deliver or save (a person or thing) from some evil or harm. Also freq. without const. spec. in Bridge, to make a rescue bid (see rescue n. 3 c); also absol.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5255 While þat y haue..myght..Þat hym for deþ [v.r. fro dede] y may rescuwe. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 808 (857) Whan a chaumber a-fyr is,..Wel more nede is, it sodeynly rescowe Than to dispute. 1390Gower Conf. I. 64 As he al one alle othre myhte Rescoue with his holy bede. c1450Holland Howlat 433 To the Dowglas that senȝe was send,..all Scotland fra scaith to reskewe. 1483Caxton Cato A vij, He supposed that it had be his wyf and fayne wold haue rescued hir. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xiii. 42 Gif ȝe knew my mynd as it is plicht, Ȝe wald..me reskew. 1581Mulcaster Positions xii. (1887) 61 Whether ye meane to reskew the patient from the headache. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 29 Which set accidentally on fire, Lucius Metellus..did rescue with the loss of his eyes. 1678Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 52 They saw a man drownding, and she made her boat make up to rescue him. 1718Free-thinker No. 65. 70 It..is sufficient to rescue Mankind from Tyranny and Oppression. 1791Cowper Yardley Oak 58 Thou..art become (Unless verse rescue thee awhile) a thing Forgotten. 1819Shelley Cenci iii. i. 376 Some accident might interpose To rescue him from what is now most sure. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §7. 99 England was rescued from this chaos of misrule by the efforts of the Church. 1921F. Irwin Compl. Auction Player x. 133 It is seldom wise to attempt to ‘rescue’ your partner from a double. 1958Listener 13 Nov. 805/3 In a match-pointed pairs contest I might consider rescuing to Two Clubs.
4. refl. To save or deliver (oneself) in some respect.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8878 (Petyt MS.), How þei were raised þei had wondere,..With þat worde þei þam rescued, Þei ne wist how þei suld [be] remued. 1390Gower Conf. III. 4 The knihtli David him ne mihte Rescoue, that he with the sihte Of Bersabee ne was bestad. c1460Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 91 Þat in noo wyse I couthe my selfe rescow, But nede I must cum In, and se þe fest. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 71 Men at the firste were faine to rescue them selues in iourneying, by setting thereon. 1610Bp. Carleton Jurisd. 27 That he appealed from the high Priest, reskuing himselfe from his iudgement,..is euident. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 9 The traders of Birmingham have rescued themselves.
5. absol. To afford deliverance or safety. rare.
1390Gower Conf. II. 195 Riht so no lawe mai rescowe Fro him that wol no riht allowe. c1500Lancelot 517 Thar is no thing sal sucour nor reskew, Your worldly honore nedis most adew. 1611Bible Dan. vi. 27 He deliuereth and rescueth. a1700Dryden (J.), Riches cannot rescue from the grave, Which claims alike the monarch and the slave. |