| 释义 |
▪ I. obstruct, v.|əbˈstrʌkt|
[f. L. obstruct-, ppl. stem of obstruĕre to build against, to block up, f. ob- (ob- 1 b) + struĕre to pile, build.]
1. trans. To block, close up, or fill (a way or passage) with obstacles or impediments; to render impassable or difficult of passage.
1611Cotgr., Oppiler, to stop, obstruct, shut up. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxix. 172 Wind in the head that obstructeth the roots of the Nerves. 1667Milton P.L. x. 637 Both Sin, and Death, and yawning Grave at last, Through Chaos hurld, obstruct the mouth of Hell, For ever, and seal up his ravenous Jawes. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 76 The door is now so obstructed with Stones. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 103 Rolling stones, which now obstruct these roads as well as mar the greatest part of the surface of this island. 1834Lytton Pompeii iv. vii, ‘Rise..thou obstructest the way’. 1845Budd. Dis. Liver 68 The common duct was much compressed and obstructed by enlargement and hardening of the pancreas.
absol.1689Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 264 But what then obstructed I am not certaine.
2. a. To interrupt, render difficult, or retard the passage or progress of; to impede, hinder, or retard (a person or thing in its motion).
1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. L'Envoy, Sin..quickly will Turn in, if not obstructed still. 1688in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 134 The Wind..we believe obstructs the coming of any letters from Holland, and keeps back the Dutch fleet. 1768Beattie Minstr. i. xlix, If but a cloud obstruct the solar ray. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 79 These, by obstructing the free current of air..render such places damp and unwholesome. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing, etc. v. 259 If..the particles of air can obstruct and reflect light. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 507 They did not even take the trouble to obstruct his passage over the river.
b. Cricket. obstructing the field (formerly, obstructing the ball): an expression used to denote the manner of dismissal of a batsman who, in the umpire's opinion, wilfully hindered a fieldsman or interfered with the ball in order to avoid being caught, stumped, etc.
1877C. Box Eng. Game Cricket 456 Obstructing the Ball.—A man may be given out, but seldom is on such an account. 1905Laws of Cricket §26 The striker is out..if under pretence of running, or otherwise, either of the batsmen wilfully prevent a ball from being caught;—‘Obstructing the field’. 1912A. A. Lilley Twenty-Four Years Cricket v. 57 As the ball struck it [sc. the bat] and fell to the ground, I pushed it further along with my bat, and Wheeler..gave me out. The point upon which he gave his decision was for obstructing the field.
c. In various games: to impede (a player) in a manner which constitutes an offence.
1895H. F. Battersby Hockey vii. 131 A player shall not run in between his opponent and the ball so as to obstruct him. 1953Association Football (‘Know the Game’ Series) 33/2 If an opponent is obstructing a player, the player may charge him. 1969F.A. Guide to Laws of Game 144 He is obstructing or interfering with an opponent. 1974Rules of Game 163/3 An indirect free kick is awarded..for intentionally obstructing an opponent while not attempting to play the ball, in order to prevent him reaching it.
3. fig. To stand in the way of, or persistently oppose the progress or course of (proceedings, or a person or thing in a purpose or action); to hinder, impede, retard, delay, withstand, stop. to obstruct process (in Law): to commit the punishable offence of intentionally hindering the officers of the law in the execution of their duties.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §63 A Servant..the prejudice to whose Person exceedingly obstructed all overtures made in Parliament for his service. 1649Milton Eikon. ix, To expect that their voting or not voting should obstruct the Commons. 1665Walton Life Hooker in H.'s Wks. (1888) I. 36 She was like an untamed heifer, that would not be ruled by God's people, but obstructed his discipline. 1738Col. Rec. Pennsylv. IV. 284 The said Officers were obstructed in the lawful Discharge of their Duty. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxviii, I don't know if it be just thus to obstruct the union of man and wife. 1772Jacob's Law Dict. (ed. 9) s.v. Process, Obstructing the execution of lawful process, is an offence against publick justice. 1853A. Prentice Hist. Anti-Corn-Law League I. viii. 112 Many..had come to obstruct the proceedings. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 212 He had obstructed good subjects, who would have done their duty, had he allowed them.
4. To come in the way of, interrupt, shut out (the sight or view of).
1717tr. Frezier's Voy. 49 The next Morning..a thick Fog obstructing our Sight, we weigh'd, to go up thither. 1807J. Barlow Columb. iii. 144 And hills above them still obstruct the skies. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede ii, On the..north western side, there was nothing to obstruct the view.
Hence obˈstructing, vbl. n. and ppl. a.; obˈstructingly adv., so as to obstruct.
1649Milton Eikon. xxvii, This is mischief without remedy, a stifling and obstructing evil that hath no vent. 1817Cobbett Pol. Reg. XXXII. 37 One of the crimes..was the obstructing of petitions. 1889‘Annie Thomas’ That Other Woman III. vi. 96 Two or three obstructingly stout bodies sat in their way. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 794 The obstructing agent may be..a peritoneal adhesion by which a loop of bowel is snared.
▪ II. [ˈobstruct, n.
conjectural emendation, by Warburton, of abstract in the following passage (but not otherwise known):
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. vi. 61 His pardon for returne. Which soone he granted, being an abstract 'tweene his Lust and him. ] |