| 释义 |
nuclide Nuclear Physics.|ˈnjuːklaɪd|
[f. nucleus n. + -ide (f. Gr. εἶδος form, kind).]
A particular kind of atom, as defined by the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Synonymous with isotope in its broader sense, which the introduction of nuclide was intended to discourage in favour of the original stricter meaning of that word.
1947T. P. Kohman in Amer. Jrnl. Physics XV. 356/2 There is at present no word in the English language to express the concept of a particular species of atom, differing from all others in the constitution of its nucleus... Nuclear species and the German Kernsorte..refer to nuclei rather than to atoms... In recent years the word isotope has come into use for this purpose, less by design than by default... Evidently a new word is required, and nuclide is proposed... The new word and its derivatives should be used in such expressions as ‘stable nuclides’..and ‘nuclidic weight’. 1955R. D. Evans Atomic Nucleus xvi. 522 Because it is the only naturally occurring nuclide which undergoes fission by slow neutrons, U235 has attained international fame even in lay circles. 1957Technology June 139/3 β and γ ionization chambers for secondary standardisation of radioactive nuclides have been designed. 1961G. R. Choppin Exper. Nuclear Chem. 215 Na22, Na23, and Na24 are all isotopes of sodium... Na22 and C14 are nuclides but are not isotopic to each other. 1967Guardian 17 May 3/2 There was less Strontium-90 and Caesium-137 in milk last year... Levels of both nuclides were lower than at any time since 1962. 1971Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 9 July 9/3 The nuclear explosive was designed to reduce the amount of residual tritium, a radioactive nuclide.
Hence nuclidic |-ˈɪdɪk| a.
1947[see above]. 1955R. D. Evans Atomic Nucleus xvi. 519 In order to identify the new artificial nuclides, it was logical and essential to utilize the usual nuclidic notation, for example, 83Bi213. 1962Nature 19 May 621/2 Modern methods make possible much more exact measurements of nuclidic masses. Ibid., The atomic physicist is usually concerned with individual nuclidic species—the differences in their nuclear characteristics and the nuclear, as opposed to chemical, changes they undergo. 1973J. Yarwood Atomic & Nuclear Physics xv. 429 A useful method of correlating data about the nuclides is to plot a nuclidic chart of N, the number of neutrons in the nucleus, against Z, the atomic number. |