| 释义 |
▪ I. neˈcessitate, pa. pple. Now rare.
[ad. med.L. necessitāt-us: see next.]
Necessitated.
1640Remonstr. Pres. Troubles Est. Scot. 24 Albeit we be not diffident of God's assistance whensoever we shall be necessitate to our own defence. a1699A. Halkett Autobiog. (Camden) 60 Beeing necesitate to leave London. 1710W. Black in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. I. 186, I shall be necessitate to return for Great Britain. 1839–52Bailey Festus 397 They are necessitate in kind, As change in nature, or as shade to light.
▪ II. necessitate, v.|nɪˈsɛsɪteɪt|
Also 7 Sc. necessitat.
[f. ppl. stem of med.L. necessitāre, f. necessitas necessity: cf. It. necessitare, Sp. necesitar, F. nécessiter (14th c.).]
1. trans. To bring (a person) under some necessity; to compel, oblige, or force. (Chiefly in pass.)
a. Const. with inf. (Very common in 17th and 18th c.; now chiefly Amer. or Sc.)
1628Sir R. Le Grys Barclay's Argenis 290 Not necessitated to holde out till the ruine of his party. 1646H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 72 For hee may necessitate a man to feele temptation, but not to consent to it. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 272 He had no mind to this Voyage; but was necessitated to engage in it or starve. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. 50 He has directed and necessitated us to preserve our Lives by Food. 1779J. Moore View Soc. Fr. (1789) I. xxxi. 271 Each boy is necessitated to decide and act for himself. 1834Marryat P. Simple (1863) 305 If any one, by doing wrong, necessitated another to do wrong to circumvent him. 1854Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims i. (1875) 22 All that is wondrous in Swedenborg is..his extraordinary perception; that he was necessitated so to see.
b. Const. to, † in, † into. Now rare (freq. in 17th c.).
1628Earle Microcosm., Poor Man (Arb.) 101 No man is necessitated to more ill, yet no mans ill is lesse excus'd. 1631Ld. Dorchester in Lismore Papers (1888) Ser. ii. III. 177 Ordinances might be raysed to necessitate the Irish in a more industrious course of life. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 2 Deer are daily diminished in England, since the gentry are necessitated into thrift. 1700C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 103 Man..in a..state of creation..had free-will either to good or evil, but was necessitated to neither. 1888Pater in Pall Mall G. 25 Aug. 1/2 Necessitated by weak health to the regularity and the quiet of a monk.
c. Without const. Now rare.
1640in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 97 Some Occasions of his own necessitating him. a1666Spurstowe Spir. Chym. (1668) 7 God is no way necessitated, or limited by the disposition..of the matter. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. ii. 221 They..by foresight necessitate the will. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 279 Causation [is] a power necessitating but not necessitated.
absol.1654Owen Saints' Perseverance Wks. 1853 XI. 446 Where one necessitates and another only persuades, they cannot be said to cooperate.
2. To render necessary; esp. to demand, require, or involve as a necessary condition, accompaniment, or result.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. ii. 977 Or thinke, because our sinne he doth permit That therefore he necessitateth it. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. i. §11 As if..the elevation of the one necessitated the depression of the other. 1700C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 31 Such a decree..without any obligation to necessitate the passing thereof. 1726Pope Odyss. Postscr. V. 301 This renders his Poems more animated, but..necessitates the frequent use of a lower style. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. v, They necessitated a still more various knowledge. 1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. 13 A string of other unverifiable assumptions..such as the received theology necessitates.
†3. To reduce (a person) to want or necessity. Also refl. Obs.
1641Earl of Monmouth tr. Biondi's Civil Wars iv. 67 They there made Forts and Trenches for their owne safties, and to necessitate the besieged. 1649Alcoran 22 The father and mother shall not necessitate themselves for their children.
†b. In pass. Also const. in, for. Obs.
1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. cxiv. 553 The Native shall attain a very great Estate,..and be necessitated in nothing. 1684Contempl. St. Man ii. ii. (1699) 148 That he was not Poor who wanted, but he who was necessitated. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 973 The King..being necessitated for Money.
Hence neˈcessitating vbl. n.
1649C. Walker Hist. Independ. ii. 78 The necessitating of the Prince to cast himself into the Arms of forreign Popish Princes. |