| 释义 |
▪ I. scantling, n.|ˈskæntlɪŋ|
Also 6–7 scantlin, skantling, 7 scantelinge.
[Etymologizing alteration of scantillon, after -ling1. The development of some of the senses appears to have been influenced by association with scant a.]
†1.
a. A builder's or carpenter's measuring-rod. Cf. scantillon 1. Obs. rare—1.
1556J. Heywood Spider & F. xvii. 27 Whiche sqwyre shall sqware me, a scantlin well bent, For a right rewle, to show me innocent.
†b. fig. A rule or standard of measurement or estimation.
1587Golding De Mornay x. 156 That nothing in al the Worlde is made of nought,..is a measuring of the builder and his building by one rule or skantling. 1678Lively Oracles iii. §19. 269 To mesure immensity and omnipotence by our narrow scantling.
2. Measured or prescribed size, dimensions, or calibre.
†a. with reference to material objects generally.
1526Househ. Ord. (1790) 215 They shall neither send nor bring into the Court{ddd}any Pike of less scantling than eighteen inches long. 1588Acts Privy Council (1897) XVI. 171 Provyde bullettes of all scantelins to be sent to the Lord Admirall, and two last of poulder. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 148 Dogs of a middle scantling beetwixt the first and the second. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. 15 The water..keeps at one scantling, neither swelling higher nor decreasing. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 390 Having several holes of different Sizes fit for the scantlings of all fingers. 1708–9Prior The Mice 100 A coat not of the smallest scantling. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Elm, Truncheons of the Boughs cut to the Scantling of a Man's Arm.
b. techn. with reference to the measurement of timber and stone, and of ships or other vessels and of aircraft.
As applied to timber, the word usually denotes the sectional dimensions (thickness and breadth) of a beam etc., in contradistinction to the length. The scantling of a block of stone is its measurement in all three dimensions. In Shipbuilding, used in sing. and pl. for the dimensions of the various parts of a vessel, regarded collectively.
1555Act 2 & 3 Philip & Mary, c. 16 §5 Any Whirye or Boate..which shall not bee..according to thold quantitie, scantlyng, thicknes of boorde, goodnes & good proportyon, heretofore had & used. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 605 That is the vsuall scantling for the thicknes of planke boord. 1615E. S. Britain's Buss in Arber Garner III. 625 A Buss of thirty-five Last, that is, of seventy Tons, is of a very good and meet size or scantling, wherewith [etc.]. 1673Temple Ess. Ireland Wks. 1731 I. 120 Forbidding any Man to cut down any Oak..unless it be of a certain Scantling. 1792Trans. Soc. Arts X. 31 Young oaks and chestnuts of the same age and scantling. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §91 The harder the quality of the moorstone, the more exactly..it could be split to the size or scantling required. 1812Capt. Carden Let. 28 Oct. in Examiner (1813) 4 Jan. 6/2 The United States is built with the scantling of a seventy-four gun ship. 1829P. Nicholson Carp. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 235/1 In regard to squared stones the term [scantling] is applied to the three dimensions of length, breadth, and thickness. 1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 6/2 The piles are from twelve to twenty-five feet long, and eight by six inches and a half scantling, shod with iron. 1874J. H. Pollen Anc. & Mod. Furniture Introd. 34 Veneers of well mottled wood or of precious wood, small in scantling, were glued on pine, cedar, &c., as a base. 1888Daily News 17 Oct. 4/7 A fine twin screw steamship, built of steel to the same scantlings as if of iron. a1895Ld. C. E. Paget Autobiog. vi. (1896) 196 Our armour-clads were on the scantling of line-of-battle ships, but with the addition of considerable beam or width. 1933[see frame n. 11 i]. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 681/2 Figure 3 indicates the comparative scantlings for compression structures having the same load carrying capacity.
†c. of immaterial things. In the 17th c. often, the measure or degree of (a person's) capacity or ability. Obs.
1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 94 If it can be so, that our Gentle-man before proposed, the scantling and measure of his liuing considered. 1600Surflet Country Farm iii. xlix. 530 When..the apples shall be well prepared, and come to a good scantling of ripenes. 1624Bp. R. Montagu Immed. Addr. 144 The Angels behold what they can behold and see, and Archangels as much as they are capable of, each according vnto his owne measure and scantling. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 74 The Rochellers perceived by the scantling and grandure of this preparation, the natural issue could be no other than their ruine. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables cxli. 129 Though 'tis a Hard Matter to find out a Woman, even at the Best, that's of a Just Scantling for her Age, Person, Humour, and Fortune to make a Wife of. 1716J. Sharpe 12th Serm. 3 Oct., We then according to our scantlings return glory to Him when we serve those purposes He made us for. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §143 (1740) 307 We may propose the Extremes to shew the Scantling of the Author's false and inveterate Malice. 1756Monitor No. 39 I. 381 There are many others, whose abilities are of the same scantling; that have large salaries too.
†d. of one (or a) scantling: of the same size; hence, much alike, ‘much of a muchness’. (Of is sometimes omitted.) Obs.
1551Edw. VI Jrnl. in Lit. Rem. (Roxb.) II. 337 My lord marcus' reward was delivered at Paris, worth 500 pound, my lord of Ely's 200, mr. Hobbies 150, the rest al about on scantling. 1633Shirley Bird in Cage i. i, Your Lordships wisedome and mine is much about a scantling then. 1679Alsop Melius Inq. Pref., That there can be No Unity hoped for,..nor peace maintained, unless all men be of a scantling in their judgments.
†e. to take a scantling of: to measure or estimate the size or amount of; hence, to judge of, estimate. So to have a scantling of. Obs.
1585Parsons Chr. Exerc. i. iii. 15 By this now may a carefull Christian take some scantling of his own estate with God. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 655 If you take their scantling and length as they crooke a little, then are they about three foot long. 1647Trapp Comm. 2 Cor. vi. 11 We pour forth our selves in this floud of speech, that thereby ye may take a scantling of our over-abundant love to your souls. 1657Sanderson Serm. Pref. §15 (1689) 74 From hence chiefly..we are to take our best scantling, whereby to judge what is, and what is not, to be esteemed Popery. 1674Govt. Tongue ix. §15. 154 We have not so just a scantling of our selves, as to know to a grain what will level the scales, and place us in the right mediocrity.
†3.
a. Limited measure, space, amount, etc.: a limit.
1597Bacon Ess., Hon. & Reput. (ad. fin.), Such as exceede not this scantling [L. qui non ultra hoc potes sunt] to bee sollace to the Soueraigne and harmelesse to the people. 1600Surflet Country Farm ii. lxvi. 414 The butterflies..are forciblie kept within a narrow scantling, the pot it selfe being not wide, but narrow. 1617Hieron Wks. II. 281 Wo to them that ayme at the cherishing of the people in a kind of formall Religion, and would haue none to exceede their owne Laodicean scantling! 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 2 Because it farre exceeded the scantling of their Poore Vnderstandings, and Vndertakings. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. xx. (1653) 331 Which when they are too strictly swathed with Bands, reduce the Breast to so narrow a scantling as is apt to endanger..the life of Children. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 1046 And setting all the Land on fire, To burn t' a Scantling, but no higher. 1691Sir T. P. Blount Ess. 74 But this certainly is to measure Truth by a wrong Standard, and to Circumscribe her by too narrow a Scantling.
†b. spec. in Archery, applied to the distance from the mark, within which a shot was not regarded as a miss. Also fig. Obs.
1577–87Stanyhurst Descr. Ireland i. 11/2 If I may craue your patience till time you see me shoot my bolt, I hope you will not denie, but that as neere the pricke as you are, and as verie an hagler as I am, yet the scantling shall be mine. 1584W. E[lderton] ‘Yorke, Yorke for my Monie’ in Halliw. Yorksh. Anthol. (1851) 4 And then was shooting out of crye, And skantling at a handfull nie. 1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. xix. 72 b, Not suffering them to eate, til they haue shot neere the marke within a certein scantling. a1661Fuller Worthies, Lond. (1662) ii. 191 A poor Blew Cap..played so well thereon [sc. a fire-engine], that..he could hit within the scantling of a Shilling.
4. A portion, allotted quantity, allowance. arch.
1659Gentlem. Calling vi. x. 432 Nor is their pride so affronted, as to be forgot in the distribution of their time, a good scantling of it is cut out to its use. 1765Sterne Tr. Shandy VII. xxi, The muleteer..thought not of to-morrow.., provided he got but his scantling of Burgundy. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. vi. 171 The practice of burying criminals alive, with a scantling of food by their side.
5. a. A small or scanty portion or amount, a modicum (of things material or immaterial).
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 412 Ramentum,..a fragment, remnant, scantling, or litle peece of marble, or other thing. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 537 The former hoofes of a horse being scraped, and the same fragmentes or scantlinges thereof being beaten in the duste. 1665R. Brathwait Comment Two Tales (1901) 24 One now resolved to sleep out that small scantling of time which is left him. 1743H. Walpole Let. to Mann 4 Apr., I am really ashamed to send this scantling of paper by the post, over so many seas and mountains. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. I. p. iv, I cannot find about me the smallest scantling of veneration for your virtues. 1849C. Brontë Shirley III. iv. 89 But a scantling of apples enriched the trees. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. ix. xi. (1872) III. 190 You shall get back your Lombardy,—all but a scantling which we fling to the Sardinian Majesty. 1876Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. i. 26 Some scantling of geological knowledge will be of advantage.
†b. An epitome, abridgement; also, a small remnant. Obs.
1576Fleming tr. Caius' Dogs To Rdr. (1880), The booke..being but a pamphlet or skantling. 1693J. Edwards Auth. O. & N. Test. I. 425 Velleius Paterculus..is an Epitomizer, a Scantling of an Historian. 1708Hudson in Hearne Coll. 3 Aug. (O.H.S.) II. 123 Thetford..is nothing but y⊇ poor scantling of an ancient spatious town.
†6. A sample, pattern, specimen. Hence, a sketch, outline, rough draft. Obs.
1567Golding Ovid's Met. Epist. 379 How Ovids scantlings with the whole true patterne doo agree. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 539 This is but a tast and scantling of those torments and punishments which are prepared and made ready for them in the world to come. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 341 For the successe (Although particular) shall giue a scantling Of good or bad, vnto the Generall. 1663Marquis of Worcester (title) A Century of the Names and Scantlings of such Inventions, as at present I can call to mind to have tried and perfected. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy i. (1670) 82 And all the way long we saw such a continual Suburbs of stately Villas and Villages, that these scantlings made us in love with the whole Piece it self, Genua. 1679C. Nesse Antid. agst. Popery 104 To give but a scantling and landskip of some of them. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 108 Had you sent a Scantling of your Wit, You might have blam'd us, if it did not fit. 1704Swift Tale of Tub xi. 201 This I have produced, as a Scantling of Jack's great Eloquence. 1838T. Mitchell Clouds of Aristoph. 113 The slight tests to which Strepsiades is put in the verses following, are of course but a dramatic scantling of those probations to which candidates were often put before admission into the philosophic schools of antiquity.
7. concr. in technical use (see 2 b).
a. A small beam or piece of wood; spec. one less than five inches square.
1663Gerbier Counsel 42 The cutting of their Scantlings. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. ⁋1 The Compositer sends..for..good strong Wast-Paper, and cuts it into so many several Scantlins as the number of each Scantlin of his Boxes in his Case are. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4002/4 A Good quantity of..Oak Timber, fit to be cut for Planks and Scantlings for Shipping,.. is to be sold. 1784Cowper Task iii. 753 He that saw His patrimonial timber cast its leaf, Sells the last scantling, and transfers the price To some shrewd sharper. 1829P. Nicholson Carp. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 235/1 In the construction of naked flooring and roofing the small timbers which are used are called by the general name of scantlings. 1889‘Mark Twain’ Yankee at Crt. K. Arthur xxiii. 257 About two hundred yards off..we built a pen of scantlings. 1958Chambers's Techn. Dict. 743/2 Scantling.., a piece of timber of thickness from 2 to 4 in. and of width from 2 to 4½ in. 1965‘Lauchmonen’ Old Thom's Harvest ii. 15 The young girl walked round the pickets that had fallen off the rotten scantling runners of the wooden part of the fence. 1972Gloss. Terms Timber (B.S.I.) 21 Scantling. 1. Softwood. A piece of square-sawn timber 50 mm to under 100 mm thick and 50 mm to under 125 mm wide. 2. Hard⁓wood. Timber converted to an agreed specification such as waggon oak scantlings. Otherwise any squared-edged piece of dimensions not conforming to other standard terms.
b. collect. sing. Timber in the form of scantlings.
1703tr. H. van Oosten's Dutch Gardener iv. xii. 225 You must keep your Scantling or Boares whereon your Pots stand very neat. 1743Colonial Rec. Georgia (1906) VI. 68 The Reverend Mr. Bolzius [petitioned] this Board to allow him a Quantity of Boards, Planks, and Scantling. 1785T. Jefferson Notes on Virginia xv. 279 The private buildings are very rarely constructed of stone or brick; much the greatest portion being of scantling and boards. 1794Morse Amer. Geog. 520 Boards, scantling, staves, shingles. 1901J. Black's Carp. & Build., Scaffolding iii. 32 If it is decided to use scantling [for ladder-sides] the two pieces should be tapered from about 3½ in. by 2 in. at the bottom end.
c. A block or slice of stone of a fixed size; also collect. sing., stone cut into scantlings.
1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 38/1 Whether square Stone, or uneven Scantlings. Ibid. II. 16/1 The method of cutting Marble into thin scantlings..scarce half an inch thick. Ibid. 41/2 The Ancients.., instead of panes of glass, made use of thin transparent scantlings of Alabaster. 1824Fowler Corr. (MS.) 482 Account of stone..sawn into scantling at Quarry. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 622 The blocks [of slate]..are, by the application of wedges, reduced into layers, called scantlings, from four to nine inches in thickness, and of any required length and breadth. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. §1799, §1909.
8. (See quot.) Cf. cantling 2.
1632in E. B. Jupp Carpenters' Co. (1887) 301 The making and layeing of all manner of beare Joysts Stillings and Scantlyngs for Vinteners, Brewhouses [etc.]. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Scantling,..a trestle or horse in a cellar for holding casks on tap.
9. attrib., as scantling board, scantling piece, scantling prop; scantling stick Shipbuilding (see quot. 1874).
1883Daily News 17 Sept. 8/1, 150 Standards of Timber, consisting of deals, battens, *scantling boards.
1584in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 368 For ii *scantling peeces.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxi. (1856) 164 The *scantling props still stuck in the frozen soil.
1874Thearle Naval Archit. 55 A stick is provided for each head and sirmark, and upon this stick are marked the mouldings of all the square body frames measured square to the surface at that head or sirmark. These sticks are known as *scantling or moulding sticks.
▪ II. † ˈscantling, a. Obs.
[f. scantling n.]
1. Very small, insignificant in size or extent.
1652Benlowes Theoph. i. xliv, Heav'ns Glorie to atchieve, what scantling Span Hath the frail Pilgrimage of Man! Which sets, when risen; ends, when it but now began. a1763Shenstone Elegies x. 30 How would some flood with ampler treasures blest, Disdainful view the scantling drops distil! 1788Burns Let. to Clarinda 6 Mar. (Globe) 402 How little of that scantling portion of time, called the life of man, is sacred to happiness.
2. techn. Cut into ‘scantlings’ or thin slices.
1726Leoni Alberti's Arch. II. 46/1 The Window must be..paned with scantling talc.
▪ III. ˈscantling, v. ? Obs. rare.
[f. scantling n.]
trans. To construct (a ship) of a certain scantling.
1780Capt. W. Young Let. to Comptroller 24 July (Ld. Barham Papers), Small 20-gun ships who were only scantlined to carry six pounders, might very well bare twelve-pound carronades. |