| 释义 |
naturalistic, a.|nætjʊərəˈlɪstɪk|
[f. prec. + -ic.]
1. a. In accordance with the doctrine of naturalism.
1840W. H. Mill Observ. i. 130 The historical and naturalistic explanations of Paulus and his school. 1858Sears Athan. 8 Naturalistic tendencies leading to doubts of immortality. 1884Farrar in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 446 The naturalistic explanation of miracles was exploded finally by Strauss himself.
b. Of the nature of, characterized by, naturalism in various senses. spec. naturalistic fallacy (see quot. 1903).
1860Mill Repr. Govt. (1861) 9 The supporters of what may be termed the naturalistic theory of politics. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. iii. 101 For the old humanistic worship..it substituted a naturalistic cult. 1891T. Hardy Tess xxvi, Its obvious unreality amid beliefs essentially naturalistic. 1894J. Seth Study of Ethical Princ. iii. ii. 398 In spite of his professed impartiality between matter and mind, Spencer does not hesitate to offer such a materialistic or naturalistic interpretation of the moral life. Ibid., A naturalistic scheme of morality, the correlation of the ethical with the physical process. 1903G. E. Moore Principia Ethica i. 10 Ethics aims at discovering what are those other properties belonging to all things which are good. But far too many philosophers have thought that when they named those other properties they were actually defining good; that these properties, in fact, were simply not ‘other’, but absolutely and entirely the same with goodness. This view I propose to call the ‘naturalistic fallacy’. Ibid. vi. 201 The naturalistic fallacy has been quite as commonly committed with regard to beauty as with regard to good: its use has introduced as many errors into Aesthetics as into Ethics. 1934C. D. Broad Five Types Ethical Theory vii. 257 Those theories which hold that ethical characteristics can be analysed without remainder into non-ethical ones may be called..Naturalistic Theories. 1936A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic vi. 157 We have already rejected the ‘naturalistic’ theories which are commonly supposed to provide the only alternative to ‘absolutism’ in ethics. 1965Philos. XL. 308 The attack on the naturalistic fallacy..has been welcomed.
2. Aiming at a close reproduction of nature; realistic:
a. in art.
1849Fraser's Mag. XXXIX. 295 They think it a sufficient condemnation of a picture to call it naturalistic. 1862Hamerton Painter's Camp I. 8 Our modern school of naturalistic landscape painters. 1886Symonds Renaiss. It., Cath. React. (1898) VII. xiii. 223 A manner..more naturalistic than that of the Caracci.
b. in literature.
1876L. Stephen Eng. Th. 18th C. II. 426 The romantic and the naturalistic school adopted different modes of satisfying the yearning thus excited. 1889Harper's Mag. Nov. 963/1 The perusal of a naturalistic book.
3. Of or belonging to natural history.
1859G. Wilson Life E. Forbes v. (1861) 151 The almost exclusive preference which he showed to the scientific, and especially the naturalistic, over the professional branches of medicine. 1890Blackw. Mag. CXLVII. 149/2 We wish no better guide on a naturalistic ramble.
4. Based on nature; relating to the natural order of things, as opposed to a logical order.
1867Atwater Logic 53 In a Logical sense, quadrupeds, reptiles, birds, fishes, are species of the genus animal. In the Naturalistic sense, though they include species, they are not themselves species at all.
Hence naturaˈlistically adv.
1864Realm 2 Mar. 7 His solidly imagined and naturalistically presented groundwork of an autobiography. 1885J. E. Harrison Stud. in Gk. Art iii. 139 It is usually a natural scene, naturalistically treated. |